Tag: science & technology

Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves. Ecology studies organism-environment relationships, numismatics studies coins/currency, and geology is broader earth science. The term derives from 'seismos' (Greek for earthquake). Seismologists use seismographs.

Ecology studies the relationships between organisms and their environment, including interactions with living and non-living components. Ornithology (A) studies birds, histology (B) studies tissues, and cytology (D) studies cells. Ecology focuses on ecosystem dynamics and environmental relationships.

Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere and atmospheric phenomena, especially weather and weather forecasting. The name comes from 'meteor' meaning atmospheric phenomenon. 'Meteors' (space rocks) are studied under astronomy, 'metals' under metallurgy, and 'earthquakes' under seismology/geology.

Numismatics is the study and collection of currency, including coins, paper money, and related objects. The term derives from the Latin 'numisma' meaning coin. 'Numbers' are studied under mathematics (number theory), 'stamps' under philately, and 'space' under astronomy.

Eugenics is the study of or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species or a human population by altering their genetic components. It involves selective breeding and genetic engineering. The other options are incorrect: 'people of European origin' refers to a specific population group, 'different races' is anthropology/sociology, and 'genetics of plants' is agricultural botany.

The Centigrade (Celsius) and Fahrenheit scales give the same reading at -40 degrees. This can be derived from the conversion formula F = (9/5)C + 32. Setting F = C gives C = (9/5)C + 32, which solves to C = -40. -32F is 0C (freezing point of water), -273C is absolute zero, and -100F is about -73C.

T. H. Huxley, known as 'Darwin's Bulldog', described protoplasm as 'the physical basis of life' in an 1869 address to the British Association. Leeuwenhoek discovered microorganisms, Virchow contributed cell theory ('omnis cellula e cellula'), and J. C. Bose worked on plant physiology and radio.

Nicolaus Copernicus formulated the heliocentric model (sun-centered solar system) in the early 16th century, published in 'De revolutionibus orbium coelestium' (1543). Newton formulated laws of motion and gravitation, Dalton proposed atomic theory, and Einstein developed relativity theory.

Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 from the Penicillium mold. X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Röntgen, streptomycin was isolated by Selman Waksman, and the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.