Tag: science & technology

Dennis Ritchie created the C programming language at Bell Labs in the early 1970s. John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz created BASIC. Grace Hopper developed FLOW-MATIC and worked on COBOL. Anders Hejlsberg created Turbo Pascal and later C# and TypeScript.

Bjarne Stroustrup created C++ as an extension of the C programming language at Bell Labs in 1979. Dennis Ritchie created C. Anders Hejlsberg created Turbo Pascal, Delphi, C#, and TypeScript. Grace Hopper pioneered early programming languages like FLOW-MATIC and COBOL.

James Gosling created Java at Sun Microsystems in the mid-1990s. It was originally called 'Oak' and designed for interactive television. Dennis Ritchie created C. John Backus led the development of FORTRAN. Grace Hopper worked on COBOL and early programming language development.

Rasmus Lerdorf created PHP in 1994 for tracking his online resume. It originally stood for 'Personal Home Page' but now means 'PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor'. Guido van Rossum created Python. John Backus developed FORTRAN. Brendan Eich created JavaScript.

Brendan Eich created JavaScript in 1995 while working at Netscape. It was developed in just 10 days and originally called Mocha, then LiveScript. James Gosling created Java. Anders Hejlsberg created Turbo Pascal, Delphi, C#, and TypeScript. Larry Wall created Perl.

At 25°C and 1 atm pressure, sound travels at approximately 346 m/s, so 330 m/s (option C) is closest. Sound speed varies with temperature - about 331 m/s at 0°C, increasing roughly 0.6 m/s per degree. 110 m/s and 230 m/s are too slow, 490 m/s is too fast.

A magnifying glass uses a convex lens (thicker at center) to converge light rays, creating a magnified virtual image. Concave lenses diverge light. Plano-concave is flat on one side and curves inward on the other.

When a compressed spring is released, stored elastic potential energy converts to kinetic energy as the spring moves. Magnetic, electrical, and light energy are not involved in this mechanical transformation.

A gold-leaf electroscope detects electric charge - when charged, the thin gold leaves repel each other. Thermometers measure temperature, ammeters measure current, and electrodes are conductors, not detectors.

1 Calorie (with capital C) is the heat needed to raise 1g water by 1°C - this is the kilocalorie. 1 calorie (lowercase c) is much smaller. 1 Joule is the SI unit but equals only 0.24 calories.