Tag: science & technology

Madhava of Sangamagrama (c. 1340-1425), an Indian mathematician-astronomer from the Kerala school, discovered the infinite series expansions that later became known as Taylor and Maclaurin series - centuries before Taylor (1685-1731) and Maclaurin (1698-1746).

Sushruta, an ancient Indian physician from around 600 BCE, described cataract surgery (called 'couching') in his treatise 'Sushruta Samhita' - one of the foundational texts of Ayurveda and surgery.

Subrata Mitra, the Indian cinematographer, invented 'bounce lighting' while working on Satyajit Ray's 'Pather Panchali' (1955). He used painted reflectors to bounce natural light, creating soft, natural lighting effects - a revolutionary technique.

Narinder Singh Kapany is widely recognized as the father of fiber optics for his pioneering work in the 1950s on fiber transmission. Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty is known for genetic engineering (oil-eating bacteria), Homi Bhabha for nuclear physics, and Buddha is irrelevant to this invention.

Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty developed genetically engineered Pseudomonas bacteria capable of breaking down crude oil (1979), used for oil spill cleanup. James Trulli is fictional, Fermi is a nuclear physicist, and Sake Dean Mahomed is known for shampoo, not bioremediation.

Sake Dean Mahomed, an Indian entrepreneur, introduced shampoo to the Western world in the early 19th century (circa 1814). Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, Charaka and Sushruta are ancient Ayurvedic physicians, not shampoo inventors.

Brahmagupta, a 7th-century Indian mathematician, pioneered the use of abbreviations and symbols in algebra. He was the first to systematically use abbreviations for unknowns and operations, treating zero as a number and working with negative numbers.

Europa is a moon of Jupiter, while Janus, Atlas, and Titan are all moons of Saturn. Europa is famous for its icy surface and potential subsurface ocean, and was studied by the Galileo spacecraft.

Oology is the specific branch of ornithology (study of birds) that focuses on bird eggs, nests, and breeding behavior. Zoology is too broad, while ichthyology is the study of fish.

Oviparous animals are those that lay eggs, with embryos developing outside the mother's body. This includes most birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and some mammals like the platypus and echidna. The other options describe diet types (herbivorous, carnivorous) or a class (reptiles).