Tag: science & technology

A Pitot tube measures fluid flow velocity by converting kinetic energy into pressure. It consists of two tubes: one facing the flow (stagnation pressure) and one perpendicular to it (static pressure). The pressure difference between these measurements is used to calculate flow velocity, making it fundamentally a pressure measurement device.

Elasticity is the property of a material to return to its original shape after an applied pressure or force is removed. When deformed within elastic limits, materials recover completely. Plasticity (option A) is the opposite - permanent deformation that remains after load removal.

Fatigue strength measures a material's ability to withstand cyclic loading without failure. It's the maximum stress level a material can endure for a specified number of cycles. This differs from tensile strength (static loading) or compression strength, and is critical for components experiencing repeated stress variations.

Heat naturally flows from hotter to colder bodies due to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which governs the direction of spontaneous heat transfer. The Zeroth Law defines thermal equilibrium, the First Law is energy conservation, and the Third Law concerns absolute zero.

A manometer measures pressure by balancing it against a column of liquid. Saccharimeters measure sugar concentration, ammeters measure electric current, and lacometer is not a standard scientific instrument.

Strength is specifically defined as a material's ability to withstand applied stress without failure. Capacity and capability are general terms, while elasticity refers to returning to original shape after deformation.

A manometer is designed to measure gas pressure by using liquid displacement. A barometer specifically measures atmospheric pressure, ammeters measure electrical current, and speedometers measure velocity.

One gram-force equals 981 dynes because 1 gram-force = g cm/s² where g = 981 cm/s² (standard gravity). This is a standard conversion in the CGS system.

Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone in 1876. John Logie Baird invented television, Thomas Edison developed the phonograph and light bulb, and James Watt improved the steam engine.

Ole Rømer first measured the speed of light in 1676 using Jupiter's moon eclipses. Einstein developed relativity, Newton studied mechanics and optics, and Galileo attempted but couldn't successfully measure light speed.