Tag: science & technology

Online banking systems use SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) or its successor TLS to encrypt communication between your browser and the bank's servers. This prevents attackers from intercepting sensitive information like passwords and account details. MD5 and MD5-RSA are hash algorithms, not encryption techniques. AES is a symmetric encryption algorithm but not the primary method used for secure web connections.

Digital signature schemes involve different parties depending on their structure. Basic signatures involve just the signer and verifier (2 parties). PKI-based signatures add a Certificate Authority as a trusted third party (3 parties). Complex hierarchical signature schemes can involve multiple CAs and intermediaries. Therefore, the number of parties varies based on the signature hierarchy being used.

When an ISP binds service to a specific MAC address, other devices can gain access by spoofing that MAC address. This involves changing the network interface's physical address to match the subscribed laptop's MAC. Proxy servers and hubs don't address the MAC authentication issue, and getting another connection is unnecessary. MAC spoofing is a technical workaround that allows multiple devices to share the authorized connection.

A honeypot is a cybersecurity mechanism designed to detect, deflect, and counteract attempts at unauthorized use of information systems. It appears as a tempting target (like fake data or vulnerable systems) to lure attackers, allowing security teams to study their methods and protect real systems.

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) uses port 443 by default for encrypted web communication. Port 80 is used for standard HTTP, port 21 for FTP, and port 139 is used for NetBIOS. The 'S' in HTTPS indicates the secure version operating on the secure port.

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and its successor TLS are the standard encryption protocols used for secure online banking transactions. SSL/TLS creates an encrypted channel between your browser and the bank's server, protecting sensitive data like passwords and account details during transmission. MD5 is a hash function, not encryption, and while AES is also used in cryptography, SSL is the protocol layer specifically used for netbanking security.

MAC addresses are hardware addresses assigned to network interfaces. ISPs can bind their service to a specific MAC address. Users can change their computer's MAC address to match the subscribed one (MAC spoofing), allowing multiple devices to share the connection. This works because ISP authentication checks only the MAC address, not the physical hardware itself. Proxy servers and hubs require additional hardware/configuration, and a new connection would cost extra money.

Nmap (Network Mapper) is a security scanner specifically designed to discover hosts and services on a computer network, thus detecting open ports. When you know an IP address, running 'nmap ' will scan the target and list all open ports along with the services running on them. Wireshark and Etherial (now Wireshark) are packet analyzers for capturing network traffic, not port scanning. 'Switch sniffer' is not a standard tool name.

DDOS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks overwhelm a website with traffic from multiple sources, making it unavailable to legitimate users. This is the only option listed that is a recognized attack type specifically designed to take down websites. 'Echo attack' and 'Botting' are not standard security terms, and 'Unlimited pings' describes a technique but isn't the formal attack category name.