Tag: science & technology

IS-41 is a standard for CDMA and TDMA networks. GSM uses different standards (MAP). This question tests knowledge of which network technologies share the IS-41 interoperability standard.

The maximum message size in SMS depends on the network technology and implementation. Different networks have different constraints (e.g., 160 characters for GSM, varies for others). It is not a fixed value across all technologies.

SMS uses a store-and-forward mechanism - if the recipient terminal is off, the SMSC (Short Message Service Center) stores the message and delivers it when the terminal becomes available. This guaranteed delivery is a key feature of SMS.

Standard SMS messages are limited to 160 characters in GSM networks. This comes from the signaling protocol specification. Longer messages must be split into multiple parts (concatenated SMS).

Standard SMS messages are limited to 160 characters. Concatenated SMS (also called long SMS or segmented SMS) breaks longer messages into multiple 160-character segments that are reassembled by the recipient's phone, appearing as one continuous message. VMS is voicemail, EMS is an enhanced messaging service (rarely used now), and MMS is for multimedia content.

An SMS gateway acts as a bridge between different networks and media, converting SMS messages to mobile network traffic and vice versa. It enables sending/receiving SMS without a mobile phone - through email, web applications, or APIs. VMS is voicemail, EMS is enhanced messaging (largely obsolete), and 'Fast SMS' is not a standard term.

A Direct-To-Mobile gateway has a built-in GSM modem and SIM card, allowing it to send SMS directly to mobile handsets without going through a carrier's SMSC. This is useful for bulk messaging. Direct-To-SMSC gateways connect to the carrier's SMSC via TCP/IP or other protocols.

SMS services encompass various communication methods. Notification services send automated alerts (banking, security, etc.). E-mail interworking allows SMS-to-email and vice versa. Paging interworking bridges SMS and legacy pager networks. All three are standard SMS capabilities offered by carriers and gateways.

MT-SM (Mobile Terminated - Short Message) is sent TO a handset, so delivery confirmation goes back to the SMSC (which initiated it). MO-SM (Mobile Originated) is sent FROM a handset, so its status report goes back to the handset as confirmation. This is fundamental to SMS flow control.

A Direct-To-SMSC gateway connects directly to the mobile carrier's SMSC (Short Message Service Center) via protocols like SMPP, UCP/EMI, or CIMD. It doesn't have its own GSM modem. This enables applications, email systems, and web services to send SMS by routing through the carrier's infrastructure. Direct-To-Mobile gateways have built-in GSM modems.