Tag: science & technology

Leukemia is a cancer of blood-forming tissues, primarily the bone marrow and blood cells. It involves the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells that crowd out healthy blood cells.

Myopia (nearsightedness) is corrected using concave lenses, which diverge light rays before they enter the eye. This pushes the focal point back onto the retina. Convex lenses are used for hyperopia (farsightedness).

Trachoma is a bacterial eye infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is a leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide, affecting the conjunctiva and eyelids.

Typhoid (Salmonella typhi) and cholera (Vibrio cholerae) are both transmitted through contaminated water and food. They are classic examples of water-borne diseases, not airborne infections.

Pyorrhea (periodontitis) is a gum disease that causes inflammation and infection of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. It leads to gum recession, bone loss, and potential tooth loss.

Diabetes mellitus is caused by insufficient insulin production (Type 1) or insulin resistance (Type 2). Insulin is the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Without effective insulin action, glucose accumulates in the blood.

The appendix is a small, finger-like pouch attached to the cecum of the large intestine (colon). It is located at the junction of the small intestine and large intestine in the lower right abdomen.

Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which are the main airways (passages) of the respiratory tract. It causes coughing, mucus production, and breathing difficulties, affecting the lungs' airways.

ECG (Electrocardiogram) records the electrical activity of the heart over time using electrodes placed on the skin. It is the primary diagnostic tool for detecting heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias), heart attacks, heart enlargement, and other cardiac conditions. It does not directly assess brain, kidney, or lung function.

Biopsy is a medical procedure where living tissue is removed from the body for microscopic examination to diagnose diseases, particularly cancer. It must be performed on a living body where cellular architecture and metabolic activity are preserved. Post-mortem tissue analysis is called an autopsy, not a biopsy.