Tag: enzymes

• Coenzymes are small organic molecules that can be loosely or tightly bound to an enzyme. 
• Tightly bound coenzymes can be called as prosthetic groups. Coenzymes were discovered by Fritz Lipmann. 
• His work on the coenzyme was awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, in 1953, for his discovery of coenzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism. 
  Hence, option B is the answer.

Any chemical reaction includes the formation of transition state between reactant and product. The energy required for formation of the transition state is termed as activation energy. Enzymes enhance the rate of reaction by lowering down the activation energy of transition state but themselves remain unchanged. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Hemes are the iron containing porphyrins. They are extensively found in nature. These are also present in proteins like haemoglobin and myoglobin. Cytochromes are also a haemoproteins. Cytochrome also act as an integral part of membrane protein.

Biocatalysts were found accidentally in yeast extract by Buchner in 1897. He prepared a yeast extract and added sugar solution to it. After sometime he noticed the alcohol formation in the extract which was a sign of fermentation which took in presence of enzyme. Later on, Sumner crystallized an enzyme known as urease and reported that all enzymes are protein.

Lysozyme are also reffered as muramidase. They are glycoside hydrolases. They catalyzes hydorlysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetly-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan thus they can dissolve bacterial cell wall. It is present  in a number of secretions, such as tears, saliva, human milk and mucus. So, its function is physiological.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).

Enzymes are the biomacromolecules that catalyze metabolic processes in living organisms. 

Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts. which accelerates chemical reactions. Catalysts lower the activation energy (energy required to start a reaction.) for reactions. The lower the activation energy for a reaction, the faster the rate.

So, the correct answer is 'lowering'.