Tag: photosynthesis

Certain plants which have Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) are known as CAM plants. They have scotoactive stomata. $CO _{2}$ required for photosynthesis enters the plant during the night when stomata are open. Then, this carbon dioxide is fixed during the night but form sugars only during the day when RuBisCO is active. Sedum, Kalanchoe, Pineapple, Opuntia are the examples of CAM plants. These plants also perform double carbon dioxide fixation. The carbon dioxide acceptor in CAM plants is Phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP) during the night and Ribulose bisphosphate is carbon dioxide acceptor during the daytime. The first stable product in case of CAM plants is Oxalo acetic acid (OAA).

Kranz anatomy is found in leaves of $C _{4}$ plants. The $C _{4}$ pathway requires the presence of two types of cells i.e. mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells. The particularly large cells around the vascular bundles of $C _{4}$ plants are called bundle sheath cells, these cells may form several layers around the vascular bundles, they are characterized by having a large number of well-developed chloroplasts, grana are absent, thick walls impervious to gaseous exchange and no extracellular spaces. This special anatomy of leaves of the $C _{4}$ plants is called Kranz anatomy. 'Kranz' means wreath and is a reflection of the arrangement of cells.

Kranz anatomy is found in leaves of $C _{4}$ plants. The $C _{4}$ pathway requires the presence of two types of cells i.e., mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells. The particularly large cells around the vascular bundles of $C _{4}$ plants are called bundle sheath cells, these cells may form several layers around the vascular bundles, they are characterized by having a large number of chloroplasts, grana are absent, thick walls impervious to gaseous exchange and no extracellular spaces. This special anatomy of leaves of the $C _{4}$ plants is called Kranz anatomy. 'Kranz' means wreath and is a reflection of the arrangement of cells.

Certain plants which have Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) are known as CAM plants. They have scotoactive stomata. It means their stomata remain open during the night. It is the characteristic feature of CAM plants. These plants fix carbon dioxide during the night but form sugars only during the day when RuBisCO is active. Sedum, Kalanchoe, Pineapple, Opuntia, Snake plant are the examples of CAM plants. These plants also perform double carbon dioxide fixation. The carbon dioxide acceptor in CAM plants is Phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP) during the night and Ribulose bisphosphate is carbon dioxide acceptor during the daytime. The first stable product in case of CAM plants is Oxalo acetic acid (OAA).

Certain plants which have Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) are known as CAM plants. They have scotoactive stomata, i.e. stomata remain open in night. These plants fix carbon dioxide during the night but form sugars only during the day when RuBisCO is active. Sedum, Kalanchoe, Pineapple, Opuntia are the examples of CAM plants. These plants also perform double carbon dioxide fixation. The carbon dioxide acceptor in CAM plants is Phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP) during the night and Ribulose bisphosphate is carbon dioxide acceptor during the daytime. The first stable product in case of CAM plants is Oxalo acetic acid (OAA).

Certain plants which have Crassulacean Acid metabolism (CAM) are known as CAM plants. They have scotoactive stomata. Their stomata remain open during night. It is characteristic feature of CAM plants. These plants fix carbon dioxide during night but form sugars only during day when RuBisCO is active. Sedum, Kalanchoe, Pineapple, Opuntia are the examples of CAM plants. These plants also perform double carbon dioxide fixation. The carbon dioxide acceptor in CAM plants is Phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP) during night and Ribulose bisphosphate is carbon dioxide acceptor during day time. The first stable product in case of CAM plants is Oxalo acetic acid (OAA).

CAM plants are usually the succulents (eg : cacti, agave) as they are efficient at storing water due to the climates they live in i.e., dry and arid. The leaves of succulent plants are thick, contains moisture and have a coat of wax to reduce evaporation. During the day, the plants close their stoma to prevent the loss of water and open it at night to absorb the carbon dioxide from the surrounding atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is later converted into malate, which is used in the process of photosynthesis (via the calvin cycle) when the daylight returns.

In CAM plants, photophosphorylation occurs in bundle sheath cell during night. Hence, stomata is open during night in order to fix the carbon dioxide. During night, a four carbon acid is produced when stomata are open. RuBisCo enzyme fixes carbon during the day time during the light reactions. Examples of plants that show CAM photosynthesis are cactus and pineapple.

CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) photosynthesis is found in most desert plants, particularly the succulents (plants that store water in thick, fleshy leaves). CAM plants keep their stomata closed during the day to conserve water. At night, the stomata open to allow CO$ _{2}$ to enter. CO$ _{2}$ is incorporated into organic acids which are then stored within the mesophyll cells. During the day, CO$ _{2}$ is released from the organic acids to supply the Calvin Cycle. Thus, CAM photosynthesis occurs in fleshy green leaves and not in thin green leaves with reticulated venation or Thin green leaves with parallel or thin colored leaves. Thus, option C is correct and other options are incorrect.