Tag: biology

Questions Related to biology

Hangover is

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Increased desire to take alcohol

  2. Feeling of giddiness and nausea in the morning after having taken alcohol

  3. Development of gastritis and peptic ulcers due to alcohol addiction

  4. Feeling of flushing after taking alcohol

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Hangover is the experience of many unpleasant effects in body (which may be physiological or psychological) after consuming alcohol and occurs due to accumulation of acetaldehyde in the body. Acetaldehyde is formed from alcohol by the action of enzyme alcoholic dehydrogenase (ADH). It causes dizziness, dry mouth, headache weakness, mood changes etc. Other symptoms include anxiety, depression, nausea, vomiting, decreased sleep and sweating. These symptoms even last till morning when person wake up from the dizziness of alcohol consumed at night.
So, the correct answer is 'Feeling of giddiness and nausea in the morning after having taken alcohol'.

Use of Cannabis products results in

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  1. Alteration in perception, thoughts and feelings

  2. Depressed brain activity and feeling of calmness

  3. Suppressed brain function and relief in pain

  4. Stimulation of nervous system, increased alertness and activity

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Many hallucinogenic products are obtained from Cannabis plant such as Bhang, Ganja, Charas and Marijuana. These are obtained from different parts of Cannabis plant. For example, bhang is obtained from fresh and dried leaves and flowering shoots of both male and female plants. Hallucinogenic drugs are also called psychedelic drugs. They change thoughts, mood, behaviour and perceptions. 
So, the correct answer is 'Alteration in perception, thoughts and feelings'.

In alcoholics, urine is

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  1. Hyperosmotic

  2. Isoosmotic

  3. Hypoosmotic

  4. Alkaline

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
In alcoholic persons, ADH (antidiuretic hormone) levels are decreased. ADH is secreted from posterior lobe of pituitary. It stimulates water reabsorption from kidneys and this results in decreased rate of urine production. Decreased secretion of ADH due to alcohol causes dehydration in body. The urine produced in body due to dehydration is hyperosmotic as its osmolarity is high due to deficiency of water.
So, the correct answer is 'Hyperosmotic'.

Hashish and Ganja are obtained from

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  1. Erythroxylon

  2. Nicotiana

  3. Papaver

  4. Cannabis

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Hashish and Ganja are hallucinogens obtained from Cannabis sativa (Hemp plant). Hashish is obtained from resin (the secreted gum) of Cannabis which is dried and pressed to convert it into a smokable form. Ganja is obtained from unfertilised female inflorescence. Hallucinogens are also known as psychedelic drugs. They change mood, behaviour and thoughts. They cause hallucinations and produce false imaginations.
So, the correct answer is 'Cannabis'.

Dipsomania is

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  1. A type of depression

  2. Insanity due to psychosis

  3. Severe addiction to alcohol

  4. Tendency to take much water

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Dipsomania is a condition in which there is uncontrolled craving for alcohol. Basically, dipsomania is alcoholism. People suffering from alcoholism are obsessed with alcohol. Such people can't resist to drinking alcohol even if it is causing problems in their personal and professional life. It can cause many serious health hazards like liver cirrhosis, loss of muscle coordination, reduced blood sugar level and dehydration.
So, the correct answer is 'Severe addiction to alcohol'.

Consumption of alcohol leads to

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  1. Acetaldehyde accumulation in liver

  2. Fat synthesis in liver

  3. Lowering of blood glucose level

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Consumption of alcohol leads to accumulation of acetaldehyde in liver which causes hangover. Unpleasant physical and mental effects occur in body due to hangover.
Alcohol consumption also leads to fatty liver syndrome in which there is build-up of fat in liver. Gradually the liver hardens and dries up. The healthy cells of liver are replaced by fibrous tissue. This leads to build up of scar tissue in liver and leads to cirrhosis.
Alcoholism reduces the level of sugar in blood and cause hypoglycaemia.
Hence, all options are correct. So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

With reference to Cannabis which is correct X,Y and Z?
Statement X: Flowers are attractive and produce scent.
Statement Y: Pollen grains are small, dry and light.
Statement Z: Cannabis is wind pollinated plant.

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  1. X and Y are wrong, Z is independent of X and Y

  2. X is wrong, Y is correct and Z is correct reason for Y

  3. X is correct, Y is wrong and Z is correct reason for X

  4. Both X and Y are correct, Z is correct reason for Y

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Cannabis is an annual herb which is indigenous to eastern Asia. Many hallucinogenic drugs like bhang, charas and marijuana are obtained from different parts of Cannabis plant. The flowers of Cannabis plant are wind pollinated so they have small, dry and light pollen grains which can be easily carried by the wind to the stigma of another flower. The flowers are not attractive and do not produce any scent because scented flowers are characteristics of insect pollinated plants.
Hence, statement X is wrong and both Y and Z are correct with Z being the correct reason for Y.
So, the correct answer is 'X is wrong, Y is correct and Z is correct reason for Y'.

Every time when the dosage of drug has to be increased to achieve the same kick, that initially occurred in response to a smaller dose, the condition is known as

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  1. Addiction

  2. Tolerance

  3. Withdrawal symptom

  4. Rebound effect

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Tolerance is the condition in which the body gets used to drugs due to drug addiction and the person's reaction to drugs get reduced. To get the same effect, body needs more dosage of drugs. This happens every time dosage is increased because after taking drugs regularly, at some point of time body gets used to the dosage and produce no reactions. There is uncontrolled craving for taking increased dosage of drugs when the person doesn't get desired effects with the present dose. 
So, the correct answer is 'Tolerance'.

In liver, alcohol is converted into a more toxic substance called

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  1. Acetaldehyde

  2. Formaldehyde

  3. Hydrogen cyanide

  4. Methane

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
In liver, alcohol is converted to acetaldehyde by the enzyme alcoholic dehydrogenase. Acetaldehyde is more toxic than alcohol and its accumulation can cause hangover symptoms in which unpleasant mental and physical experiences occur in body. It can alter various functions of liver by binding to different proteins. Formation of adduct of acetaldehyde affects activity of various enzymes. It may also cause dizziness and skin reactions too.
So, the correct answer is 'Acetaldehyde'.

The secondary metabolite obtained from Catharanthus roseus is

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  1. Vincristine

  2. Anthocyanin

  3. Menthol

  4. Nicotine.

Show answer
Correct Option: A