Tag: biology

Questions Related to biology

The role of the axon is to

biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

  1. Integrate signals from the dendrites

  2. Release neurotransmitter

  3. Conduct the impulse to the synaptic terminal

  4. Synthesize cellular components

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
An axon also known as a nerve fibre, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. The space between two neuron is known as synapse. The nerve impulse is transmitted towards the synaptic terminal from the dendron.

In comparison with other cells, nerve cells show a higher degree of

biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

  1. Metabolism

  2. Growth

  3. Contractility

  4. Irritability

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Irritability or excitability is the ability of nerve cells to respond to environmental stimulus. Primary function of nerve cells is to generate sensory input in response to external and internal stimuli followed by integration of sensory information to generate motor output. Thus, nerve cells exhibit higher rate of irritability as compared to other cell types. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Statements (A, B, C, D) in List I have to be matched with statements (p, q, r, s) in List II.

List I List II
A Cyton p  The body of the nerve cell that contains the organelles.
B Dendrite q Receives the stimuli sent from another nerve or the outside environment.
C Axon r A fatty substance that covers the axon of the nerve cell and speeds.
D Myelin sheath s The long, thin section of the nerve cell where the impulse is transmitted across.
biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

  1. A- p, B- q, C- s, D- r

  2. A- r, B- q, C- s, D- p

  3. A- r, B- s, C- q, D- p

  4. A- r, B- s, C- p, D- q

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cyton is the cell body of the neuron. It contains the nucleus.

Dendrites are the cellular extension from the cyton. They receive stimulus, which may be physical, chemical, mechanical or electrical, and pass it on to the cyton.
Axons are also known as nerve fibres which are a projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body.
Myelin sheath is also known as the medullary sheath. It is the envelope of myelin that surrounds the core of a nerve fiber or axon and that facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses, formed from the cell membrane of the Schwann cell in the peripheral nervous system and from oligodendroglia cells. 
So, the correct answer is option C.

Pigmented dendritic cells occur in

biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

  1. Stratum Malpighii

  2. Stratum granulosum

  3. Stratum corneum

  4. Stratum lucidum

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Epidermis is the outer part of skin, which is keratinised and composed of stratified squamous epithelium layers. In the structure of epidermis on the basis of shape of cells and cytoplasm, there are five stratum -
(1) Stratum Malpighii
(2) Stratum spinosum
(3) Stratum granulosum
(4) Stratum lucidum
(5) Stratum corneum
An innermost stratum of epidermis consisting of one layer of cells is called as stratum Malpighii. It is also called as stratum basale. Cells are cubical or columnar in shape. In this stratum two types of cells are present.

(i) Melanocytes - They are called pigmented dendritic cell. These cells are formed by modification of cell which lies at the junction of epidermis and dermis. 
(ii) Keratinocytes - They get their nutrition from underlying connective tissue of dermis and divide to form another stratum of the epidermis.

Nerve cells possess
(a) Dendrites
(b) Axon
(c) Sarcolemma
(d) Neurilemma

biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

  1. a, b

  2. a, b, c

  3. a, b, d

  4. a, b, c, d

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Each mammalian neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and cytoplasm. The axon extends from the cell body and often gives rise to many smaller branches before ending at nerve terminals. Dendrites extend from the neuron cell body and receive messages from other neurons. 

The dendrites are covered with synapses formed by the ends of axons from other neurons. 
Neurilemma is the outermost nucleated cytoplasmic layer of Schwann cells that surrounds the axon of the neuron. 
The sarcolemma also called the myolemma, is the cell membrane of a striated muscle fiber cell. It is not present in the nerve cells.

Nissl granules are mostly present in 

biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

  1. Axon

  2. Cyton

  3. Dendron

  4. Schwann cells

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A Nissl body is a large granular body found in neurons. These granules are rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with rosettes of free ribosomes and are the site of protein synthesis. These are present in cyton of the nerve cell.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Which one of the following pairs of structure distinguishes a nerve cell from other types of cell?

biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

  1. Flagellum and medullary sheath

  2. Nucleus and mitochondria

  3. Perikaryon and dendrites

  4. Vacuoles and fibres

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • The structural difference between a neuron and other kinds of cell include the perikaryon and dendrites.
  • The cell body of a neuron, known as perikaryon, has a large and round nucleus. Nissil granules are present in its cytoplasm forming the characteristic feature.
  • While dendrites are branched thread like structure arising from cyton which functions to receive impulses from sensory system and transfer it in form of electrical impulses to other neurons via the Axon.
So, the correct option is 'Perikaryon and Dendrites'.

Select the correct statement regarding the Schwann cells.

biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

  1. Surround axon of myelinated nerve fibre

  2. Support muscle fibres

  3. Found in Haversian system of bones

  4. Form basement membrane of epithelium.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Schwann cell, also called neurilemma cell, any of the cells in the peripheral nervous system that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons. Myelin, which is a fatty layer that insulates the axon, helps to increase the saltatory conduction of the neuron. 
So, the correct answer is option A.

Cessation of menstrual cycle is called as

biology reaching the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

  1. Ovulation

  2. Menopause

  3. Puberty

  4. Implantation

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In human beings, menstrual cycle ceases around 50 years of age; that is termed as menopause. 

Cyclic menstruation is an indicator of normal reproductive phase and extends between menarche and menopause.

The stage during which menstruation stops in adult female is

biology reaching the age of adolescence menstruation in females changes at puberty what happens if an egg is not fertilized?

  1. Menopause

  2. Menarche

  3. Mensus

  4. Puberty

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

After the age of 45, the number of ovarian follicles decrease and the ovaries become less responsive to luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. Hence the ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone. So the menstrual cycle stops and reproductive capacity is arrested. Menopause marks the end of reproductive phase. Thus the correct answer is option A.