Tag: biology

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Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

The compatibility between the donor and the recipient is decided on the basis of 

  1. Blood group matching.

  2. HLA matching.

  3. Rh factor matching.

  4. Both A and B.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

As established in previous questions, both blood group matching and HLA matching are fundamental requirements for determining the compatibility between a donor and a recipient for a kidney transplant.

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

End-stage renal disease is an indication for

  1. Kidney viability.

  2. Kidney transplant.

  3. Glomerular filtration.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

End stage renal disease is the stage when both the kidneys have stopped functioning, the survival of the patient depends on dialysis which is a periodic process of cleaning the patient's blood of wastes or a non functional kidney is replaced through transplantation from a donor.

So, the correct answer is 'Kidney transplant'

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

Genetic deficiency of ADH-receptor leads to

  1. Diabetes mellitus

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Glycosuria

  4. Nephrogenic diabetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Diabetes insipidus is a condition caused by the deficiency of antidiuretic hormone ADH in the body. ADH(Antidiuretic hormone) helps the kidneys keep the correct amount of water in the body. Diabetes insipidus is marked by intense thirst and heavy urination. Thus the genetic deficiency of ADH-receptor leads to Diabetes insipidus i.e even if ADH is present in the body it cannot show its action due to the absence of ADH-receptor hence leads to Diabetes insipidus.
So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes insipidus'.
Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

Which of the following medical procedure can be related to a kidney transplant?

  1. Ultrasound

  2. ECG

  3. HLA typing

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All listed procedures are standard in the evaluation process for a kidney transplant: Ultrasound for anatomical assessment, ECG for cardiac clearance, and HLA typing for immunological compatibility.

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

Consider the following four statement (i-iv) regarding kidney transplant and select the correct statements
(i) Even if a kidney transplant is proper the recipient may need to take immuno-suppressants for a long time.
(ii) The cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection.
(iii) The B-lymphocytes are responsible for rejection of the graft.
(iv) The acceptance or rejection of a kidney transplant depends on specific interferons.

The correct statements are


  1. (ii) and (iii)

  2. (iii) and (iv)

  3. (i) and (iii)

  4. (i) and (ii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Recipients require immunosuppressants to prevent rejection (i is correct). Cell-mediated immunity, specifically involving T-lymphocytes, is the primary driver of graft rejection (ii is correct). B-lymphocytes are involved in humoral immunity, and interferons are not the primary determinant of rejection.

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

The post-surgery complications of a kidney transplant like infection and sepsis is caused due to the use of 

  1. Psychoactive drugs.

  2. Immunosuppressant.

  3. Analgesics.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Immuno-suppressant drugs are prescribed if a patient is suffering from an autoimmune disorder or has undergone an organ transplant like a liver, heart or kidney. This is done to prevent the organ from being damaged by the immune system of the recipient. However, as the immune system is being suppressed the patient/recipient may be prone to infections, sepsis or other pathological conditions.

So, the correct answer is 'Immunosuppressant'

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

The renal artery of the new kidney, which is previously connected from the abdominal aorta in the donor will be connected to ........... artery in the recipient.

  1. Superior vena cava.

  2. External iliac.

  3. Inferior aorta.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

During a kidney transplant usually the failed kidney is not removed instead the transplanted kidney is placed in the iliac fossa (cavity) Conventionally, the kidney receives blood from the renal artery and the renal vein drains blood into the inferior vena cava. However, since the kidney is placed in the iliac fossa that receives blood from the external iliac artery the transplanted kidney is connected to the external iliac artery and accordingly to the external iliac vein. This is also done to make the further surgeries, if required to be less complicated. So, the correct answer is 'External iliac'

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney
The renal vein of the new kidney is connected to the ......................... in the recipient, which in the donor, drains blood to the inferior vena cava.

  1. External iliac vein

  2. Internal iliac vein

  3. Vena cava

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is option B i.e."Internal iliac vein"
The internal iliac vein drains blood from the visceral organs in the pelvic region. The internal iliac vein may double all these veins and tributaries join together to form the inferior vena cava.

Multiple choice biology excretory system of human artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

In which of the following area is the incision made to transplant a kidney?

  1. Lower abdomen

  2. Upper abdomen

  3. Aortic vein

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In a standard kidney transplant, the donor kidney is placed in the iliac fossa, which is located in the lower abdomen, rather than in the original anatomical position of the kidneys.