Tag: biology

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Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Sarcosome is a term used for

  1. Mitochondria

  2. Golgi bodies

  3. Ribosomes

  4. Plastids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Since the 1850s cytologists observed some granular structures in the cytoplasm of the living cells. These structures were originally named as sarcomas. The term mitochondrion was introduced by Carl Benda in 1898. The term mitochondrion became the widely used name for this organelle but still the term sarcosome is accepted to denote this organelle present in the muscle. Sarcosome is a large specialized mitochondrion found in a striated muscle fiber.
Thus, the correct answer is the option (A), 'Mitochondria'.

Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Involuntary muscle fibres are unique of

  1. Diaphragm; eye muscles; intercostal muscle

  2. Urinary bladder; blood vessels

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Involuntary muscles are those, which are not under our control. Diaphragm muscles are internal muscle, that divides the thorax and the abdomen and are involuntary. The walls of large organs like stomach, intestines, uterus and urinary bladder are involuntary.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Both (A) and (B)'.

Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Their contraction is involuntary, vigorous and rhythmic holds true for

  1. Striated muscles

  2. Cardiac muscles

  3. Unstriated muscles

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cardiac muscles are the muscles of the heart. They are self-contracting, autonomically regulated (meaning involuntary and must continue to contract in a rhythmic fashion for the whole life of the organism.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B), 'Cardiac muscles'.

Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Which one of these muscles tires out easily?

  1. Cardiac

  2. Unstriated

  3. Striated

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Skeletal muscle fiber or striated muscles are characterized as fast or slow based on their activity patterns. Fast, also called white muscle fibers, contract rapidly, have poor blood supply, operate without oxygen and tire quickly.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Striated'.

Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

High contents of myoglobin and cytochromes are present in

  1. Red muscles

  2. White muscles

  3. Intermediate muscles

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Red muscle gives a fused contraction at a slower frequency of stimulation. The red color of muscles is due partly to myoglobin, which is probably freely dissolved in the sarcoplasm and partly to the cytochrome, which are mainly associated with the particulate components of the cytoplasm.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Red muscles'.

Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Unstriped muscle are also known as

  1. Visceral

  2. Smooth

  3. Involuntary

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Non-striated muscles are called as smooth muscles. Their activities are not under the voluntary control of the nervous system and are therefore known as involuntary muscles. They are called as visceral muscles because they line the blood vessels, stomach, digestive tract and other internal organs. So, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Chemical ions responsible for muscle contraction are

  1. ${ Ca }^{ ++ }$ and ${ K }^{ + }$
  2. ${ Na }^{ + }$ and ${ K }^{ + }$
  3. ${ Na }^{ + }$ and ${ Ca }^{ ++ }$
  4. ${ Ca }^{ ++ }$ and ${ Mg }^{ ++ }$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Calcium ions play a significant role in the muscle contraction. These activate the interaction of myosin and actin, through the intervention of tropomyosin and troponin.
Magnesium, in muscle contraction, stimulates calcium re-uptake by the calcium-activated ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. It also affects the translocation of calcium ions through the smooth muscle cell membrane.

Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Multi unit muscle fibres are found in the

  1. Ciliary and iris of eyes

  2. Arrector pilli of dermis

  3. Wall of large blood vessels

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Multi unit smooth cells, however, are not electrically coupled and hence, the cells must be stimulated separately. These smooth muscles contain few gap junctions, and therefore contractions do not spread from cell-to-cell as in single-unit smooth muscle. Each cell is therefore situated close to an axon terminal where it can easily make contact with a neurotransmitter. As the cells are not electrically coupled the force of contraction can be controlled by the number of contractile muscle fibres. Multi-unit smooth cells can be found in the in the trachea, the large elastic arteries, the iris of the eye, in the lungs, erectile tissues of hair follicles ( Arrector pili of the dermis) and the vas deferens in the male genital tract.
The response of the whole muscle depends on upon the number of motor units active, the frequency of discharge in the fibers and the relative amount of excitatory and inhibitory input. Multi-unit smooth muscle activity can be initiated by hormones, but it is not much affected by rapidly stretching the muscle.

Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Belly is

  1. Upper part of muscle

  2. Middle part of muscle

  3. Lower part of muscle

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Most of the skeletal muscles are attached to the bone on their ends by tendons. As the muscles contract, a force is exerted on the bones, which helps to support and move our body along with its appendages. Usually, one end of the muscle is fixed in its position, while the other end moves during contraction.
The "origin" is the attachment site that doesn't move during contraction, while the "insertion" is the attachment site that does move when the muscle contracts. The insertion is usually distal, or further away, while the origin is proximal, or closer to the body, relative to the insertion. "Belly" of muscle is between origin and insertion.

Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Smooth muscle fibres are

  1. Spindle shaped

  2. Unbranched and involuntary

  3. Uninucleated

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Visceral muscles are located in the inner walls of hollow visceral organs of the body like the alimentary canal, reproductive tract, etc. Each spindle-shaped smooth muscle fiber contains a single, central nucleus. They do not exhibit any striation and are smooth in appearance. Hence, they are called smooth muscles (non-striated muscle). Their activities are not under the voluntary control of the nervous system and are therefore known as involuntary muscles. They assist, for example, in the transportation of food through the digestive tract and gametes through the genital tract.