Tag: vaccine and immunization

These days vaccines are made on a large scale from micro organism to protect humans, animals and plants from several diseases.

A vaccine can be defined as a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened (attenuated) or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and keep a record of it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these micro-organisms that it later encounters. 

• Vaccines are the suspension of the live or killed microorganism which mainly activates the immune response. 
• Louis Pasteur produced the first vaccine for rabies by growing the virus in rabbits. 
• Pasteur was the first scientist to artificially attenuate viruses for use in vaccines. 
• He created several veterinary vaccines before his development of the rabies vaccine in 1885 for use in humans. 
• So, the correct answer is option C.

Attenuation is a process of injecting dead or weakened organisms of a particular disease into a healthy individual. So, as to create an active immunity against the infection. This was 1$^{st}$ demonstrated by Edward Jenner by administering cow pox virus (non fatal disease) to prevent small pox (fatal viral disease) infection.

DPT (also DTP and DTwP) refers to a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the organism that causes pertussis (wP).

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. Generally, vaccines are composed of the surface proteins of the virus, extracted from the blood serum of the infected patients.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Serum'.

A vaccine contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbes, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it and keep a record of it so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microbes that it later encounter.
Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial, used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infection.
The serum is the clear yellowish fluid which is obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot.
Antitoxins are antibodies that counteract a toxin.

• A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins.
• Smallpox vaccine was discovered by Edward Jenner. It was the first successful vaccine ever to be developed and remains the only effective preventive treatment for the fatal smallpox disease.
• Hence Safe and effective means of producing artificial immunity against smallpox by the vaccine was first discovered by Edward Jenner.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'Edward Jenner'.