Tag: demographic condition and infrastructure

It has been one of the chief criticisms of the planning. which emphasised the capital intensive industries in place of promoting the labour intensive industries.

The British rule lasted for two centuries before India won its independence in 1947. The sole purpose of the British economic policy was to reduce India into a feeder economy for expansion of Britain’s own modern industrial base. There was virtually no public sector in the Indian economy. 

The first railway line in India was constructed during the rule of Lord Dalhousie.  The first passenger train in India ran between Bombay (Bori Bunder) and Thane on 16 April 1853.The first train started from Bori Bunder in Bombay at 3:35 pm on April 16, 1853 with a 21-gun salute. It had 14 carriages.

Theory of Demographic Transition is a theory that throws light on changes in birth rate and death rate and consequently on the growth rate of population. Along with the economic development, tendencies of birth-rate and death rate are different. Because of it, the growth rate of population is also different.

The first synchronous census in India was held in 1881. Since then, censuses have been undertaken uninterruptedly once every ten year. The 1881 India wide census enumerated the total number of males as 12,99,41,851 and of females as 12,39,49,970 in a total 1881 population of 25,38,91,821.

The process of demographic transition in India is said to have set in sometime in the late 1920s and early 1930s when death rates started declining. 

Prior to 1920, India’s population was in the first stage with very high birth and high death rates. The death rate fluctuated from year to year, and as a consequence, the size of population remained almost stationary. 

The life expectancy in India during the British rule was 32 years. Now it is near about 50-55 minimum.

 Mortality rate is the total number of deaths from a particular cause in 1 year divided by the number of people alive within the population at mid year.  It is usually expressed in units of deaths per 1,000 per year or it could be described as percent dead in a specific period of time.

Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of its birth, its current age and other demographic factors including gender. The most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth (LEB), which can be defined in two ways.