Tag: blood and its components

Questions Related to blood and its components

Which of the above statements is correct and which are false?
(1) Plasma constitutes 45% of the human blood.
(2) Albumin is a plasma protein, which helps in osmotic balance.
(3) Factors responsible for the blood clotting process are present in the blood.
(4) Plasma without clotting factors is called serum.
(5) Minerals are not generally found in blood.

biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

  1. Only 5 is wrong and all others 1 to 4 are correct.

  2. 1 and 2 are correct and 3, 4 and 5 are wrong.

  3. 2 and 4 are correct and 1, 3 and 5 are wrong.

  4. 1 and 5 are correct and 2, 3 and 4 are wrong.

  5. 2, 3 and 4 are correct and 1 and 5 are wrong.

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Plasma is the pale yellow colored component of blood that makes up for 55% of the bloods total volume. The plasma though it is made up of 95% water it contains proteins such as albumins. The anticoagulant are present in the blood itself.  Blood serum is blood plasma without the coagulant factors.

The given table shows the result of intravenous injection of substances to determine the effect of each substance on normal body variables. Appropriate amount of time was allowed between injections and the substances did not interfere with one another. 

Variable Baseline values Values after injecting substance A    Values after injecting substance B Values after injecting substance C Values after injecting substance D
Serum ${ Ca }^{ ++ }$ 2.3mmol/L 2.3mmol/L 2.3mmol/L 3.0mmol/L 2.3mmol/L
Serum ${ Na }^{ + }$ 135mmol/L 135mmol/L 135mmol/L 136mmol/L 138mmol/L
Serum glucose 5.6mmol/L 3.3mmol/L 5.6mmol/L 7.4mmol/L 5.6mmol/L

Which one of the following change in variable values is insignificant?

biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

  1. The change in serum glucose when substance A is injected.

  2. The change in serum ${ Na }^{ + }$ when substance D is injected.

  3. The change in serum ${ Ca }^{ ++ }$ when substance C is injected.

  4. The change in serum glucose when substance C is injected.

  5. The change in serum ${ Na }^{ + }$ when substance B is injected

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

The process by which the human body controls the internal ennvironment is known as Homeostasis . The addition  or presence of any variable tends to regulate the concentration of  any substance or   body temperature towards a constant.   examples of this homeostasis is seen in Human body wherein there is a regulation of the body temperature, concentration of Na+, Ca++ ions and glucose levels in blood plasma.   According to the given table showing the intravenous injection of substances to determine the effect of each substance on normal body variables, the change in serum Na+ when substance B is injected is insignificant. 

Which of the following helps to maintain the fluidity of the blood?

biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

  1. Plasma

  2. RBC

  3. WBC

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

One half of blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets which are considered as solid part of blood and another half is composed of water, salts and proteins which is the fluid part of blood. The fluid part of blood is known as plasma. As the plasma consists of water it helps to maintain the fluidity of the blood.

So, the correct answer is 'Plasma'.

Raising of pH of blood shall result in

biology simple nutrients into cells blood and its components components of blood composition of blood

  1. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase

  2. Production of carbon monoxide and causing carbon monoxide poisoning

  3. Non-release of carbon dioxide from carbonic acid and carbonates

  4. Non-dissociation of oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A decrease in pH (increase in $H^+$ ion concentration) various amino acid residues, such as Histidine 146 exist predominantly in their protonated form allowing them to form ion pairs that stabilize deoxyhemoglobin thereby having a lower affinity for oxygen. So with increased acidity, the hemoglobin binds less $O _2$.This is known as the Bohr effect. The binding affinity of hemoglobin to O2 is greatest under a relatively high pH and oxygen does not disassociate with hemoglobin under increased pH conditions.
So the correct answer is 'Non-dissociation of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin.'