Tag: treasure under the ground

Copper is known for its metallic reddish-brown colour. Ornaments, coins, and statues have been fashioned from Copper since ancient times. Its distinct colour and availability throughout history have afforded it great significance.

1. Nonmetallic minerals are a special group of chemical elements from which no new product can be generated if they are melted.
2.  Nonmetallic minerals are, for example, sand, gravel, limestone, clay,graphite.
3. Such materials lack metallic characteristics like good electric and thermic conductivity, luster, rigor, and malleability; they are, however, essential for many industries.

1. Monazite is reddish brown phosphate mineral, containing rare Earth metals. It is an important ore for thorium, lanthanum, cerium.
2. It is found in India, Madagascar, South Africa, with large deposit of monazite sand.
3. It is from German word "monazit" meaning solitary.

 Copper:

The orebodies are formed in hydrothermal veins that are born in underground magma chambers far below the deposit itself. The high temperatures of volcanic magma creates hydrothermal veins, allowing some of the heat to escape near the upper layers of the Earth’s crust.

This is why copper is often found in the sedimentary layer, where sand and mud are compressed until they form a layer of sedimentary rock on the surface of the earth. Copper ore gets trapped in oxidized zones within these types of rocks.

 

 

 

Aluminium: 

| Element name | Symbol | Percentage by weight of the Earth’s crust | | --- | --- | --- | | Oxygen | O | 47 | | Silicon | Si | 28 | | Aluminium | Al | 8 | | Iron | Fe | 5 | | Calcium | Ca | 3.5 | | Sodium | Na | 3 | | Potassium | K | 2.5 | | Magnesium | Mg | 2 | | All other elements |   | 1 |

 

Coal: The plant matter becomes buried, and are no longer exposed to air. Anaerobic bacteria then starts to decompose the material. Burial and accumulation can occur for several thousands of years, producing several meters of partially decayed plant matter known as peat

 

Platinum:

The least reactive metals would be Platinum, Gold, Palladium, Osmium and Silver and in the decreasing order. The inertness of the metals is due to the electron configuration in the orbitals.

 

1. Diamonds are at the top of Friedrich Mohs scale of mineral hardness next comes topaz, quartz, feldspar, apatite, fluorite, calcite, gypsum.
2. They are incredibly hard because they have crystallized in a particular atomic shape that resulted from heat and pressure on Earth at a depth of 140 to 150km.

1. Ferrous metals may include a lot of different alloying elements.
2. Some examples are chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, manganese. 
3. Those give ferrous steels material properties that make them widely used in engineering. 

A list of ferrous metal properties:

• Durable
• Great tensile strength
• Usually magnetic
• Low resistance to corrosion
• A silver-like colour
• Recyclable
• Good conductors of electricity

Minerals are found in layers or strata in sedimentary rocks. Minerals are accumulated in horizontal strata after being exposed to high heat and pressure for a long period of time. Coal, iron ore, gypsum, potash salt etc are formed in this way.

• Minerals are natural resources which are limited.
  
• If they are continuously mined and used they will get exhausted.
• The geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the rate of replenishment is small in comparison to the present rates of consumption.

Kimberely.

Tidal energy is a replenishable energy. The replenishable resources are capable of being used over and over again and are capable of regeneration. They are inexaustible resources and their quantity is vast, unlimited, e.g., water, wind, plant.