Tag: enzymes classification and cofactors

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Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

Peptidyl transferase enzyme found on 

  1. Cytoplasm

  2. E.R

  3. Golgi body

  4. Ribosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The peptidyl transferase is an aminoacyltransferase, it performs the primary enzymatic function of the ribosome, which forms peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids using tRNAs during the translation process of protein biosynthesis. Peptidyl transferase activity is carried out by the ribosome. Peptidyl transferase activity is not mediated by any ribosomal proteins but by ribosomal RNA (rRNA), a ribozyme. 

Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

Carbonic anhydrase is the best known example of 

  1. Hydrolase

  2. Transferase

  3. Lyase

  4. Coagulative
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Lyase are the enzymes which catalyze breakdown reactions without hydrolysis. Lyases are classified as EC 4 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Lyases can be further classified into several subclasses : EC 4.1 includes lyases that cleave carbon-carbon bonds, such as decarboxylases (EC 4.1.1), aldehyde lyases (EC 4.1.2), oxo acid lyases (EC 4.1.3) and others (EC 4.1.99).

Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

The fastest acting enzyme, in the biological kingdom, is 

  1. Lipase

  2. Amylase

  3. Peptidase

  4. Carbonic anhydrase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Enzymes are biological catalysts which catalyze biological reactions. They do not modify the chemical equilibria in any manner but simply make the attainment of equilibrium faster. Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid. This enzyme is one of the fastest enzyme. It is especially abundant in human erythrocytes.

Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

First discovered enzyme was

  1. Isomerase

  2. Transaminase

  3. Zymase

  4. Transferase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Enzymes are biological catalysts, which activate various biochemical reactions of a living cell in a highly specific and precise manner. Enzymology is the study of enzymes. The name enzyme was coined by Kuhne in 1878. Pasteur recognised that some microorganisms like yeasts have got a capacity to cause fermentation in wine. In 1897, Buchner discovered that yeast extract could bring about fermentation of grape juice, like the living yeast cells. He also observed that the extract has lost its catalytic activity on boiling. He coined the word zymase for the active principle involved in the fermentation. The substance on which the enzyme acts is called substrate. Enzymes are essentially proteins but all proteins are not enzymes.

Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

Enzymes, vitamins and hormones can be classified into a single category of biological chemicals, because all of these

  1. Are exclusively synthesized in the body of a living organism as at present.

  2. Enhance oxidative metabolism.

  3. Are conjugated proteins.

  4. Help in regulating metabolism.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
There are more than thousand of biomolecules involve in living organisms in various biological processes. Some are vitamins, hormones, enzymes, ATP, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. Out of these main carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acid are main biomolecules which play a vital role in living systems and mainly responsible for almost all biochemical processes. The biological molecules or biomolecules are involved in metabolic activities of living bodies such as plants and animals. Most of the biomolecules in the living cell have some broad functions like:
1. They are essential to cellular and body structure.
2. They act as energy-rich fuels during cellular respiration.
3. The molecules are used to carry information of controlling growth and biological characteristics from one generation to another.
4. They are good catalytic agents for the various chemical processes occur in cell and living body.
Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

Ribozymes are 

  1. RNA acting as enzymes.

  2. Antibody acting as enzymes.

  3. Ribosomes acting as enzymes.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Enzymes are biological catalysts which speed up the biological reactions. All metabolic reactions in a cell are catalyzed by enzymes. Almost all enzymes are proteins. There are some nucleic acids that behave like enzymes. These are called ribozymes. Ribozymes are molecules of ribonucleic acid with catalytic activity.

Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

Which one of the following hydrolyze internal phosphodiester bonds in a polynucleotide chain?

  1. Lipase

  2. Protease

  3. Exonuclease

  4. Endonuclease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Endonucleases hydrolyse internal phosphodiester bonds in a polynucleotide chain. Function of nucleases is to break phosphodiester bond. A nuclease is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotide subunits of nucleic acids. Nucleases are usually further divided into endonucleases and exonucleases, although some of the enzymes may fall in both categories. 

Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

Who coined the term enzyme?

  1. Pasteur

  2. Buchner

  3. Kuhne

  4. Sumner
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Enzymes are biological catalysts, which activate various biochemical reactions of a living cell in a highly specific and precise manner. Enzymology is the study of enzymes. The name enzyme was coined by Kuhne in 1878. Pasteur recognised that some microorganisms like yeasts have got a capacity to cause fermentation in wine. In 1897, Buchner discovered that yeast extract could bring about fermentation of grape juice, like the living yeast cells. He also observed that the extract has lost its catalytic activity on boiling. He coined the word zymase for the active principle involved in the fermentation. The substance on which the enzyme acts is called substrate. Enzymes are essentially proteins but all proteins are not enzymes.

Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

What did Kuhne do?

  1. Discovered parathyroid

  2. Coined the term enzyme

  3. Coined the term gene

  4. Discovered enzyme
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • In 1897, Eduard Buchner discovered that yeast extracts could ferment sugar to alcohol, proving that fermentation was promoted by molecules that continued to function when removed from cells. Frederick W. Khne called these molecules like enzymes.
    Hence, the correct option is B.