Tag: lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

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Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Growth of Lichens on barren rocks is followed by the growth of____________.

  1. Moss

  2. Ferns

  3. Gymnosperms

  4. Algae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The process of community development over time, which involves species in one stage being replaced by other species, is called ecological succession. It is divided as primary succession and secondary succession. An area is initially colonized by certain early-successional species such as Lichens, they are often the first organism to colonize an area that will undergo primary succession. Once new soil has formed in an area it gives way over time to mild-successional species, such as mosses and grasses, which in turn give way much later to late-successional species.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Who coined the term lichens?

  1. Linnaeus

  2. Theophrastus

  3. Alexopoulos

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Lichens are symbiotic associations i.e. mutually useful associations, between algae and fungi. The algal component is known as phycobiont and fungal component as mycobiont, which is autotrophic and heterotrophic, respectively. Algae prepare food for fungi and fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water for its partner.
The term Lichen was coined by 'Theophrastus'.
So, the correct answer is 'Option B'.
Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

There exists a close association between the alga and the fungus within a lichen. The fungus -

  1. Provides food for the alga

  2. Provides protection, anchorage and

    absorption for the alga

  3. Fixes the atomospheric nitrogen for the alga

  4. releases oxygen for the alga
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are symbiotic associations i.e. mutually useful associations, between algae and fungi. The algal component is known as phycobiont and fungal component as mycobiont, which are autotrophic and heterotrophic respectively. Algae prepare food for fungi and fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water for its partner.

Lichens are very good pollution indicators – they do not grow in polluted areas.
So, the correct answer is 'Option B- Provides protection, anchorage and absorption for the alga'.
So the correct option is B.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Read the given statements about lichens and select the incorrect ones.


(i) They represent an example of commensalism.
(ii) Algal partner obtains water and mineral salts from the fungus and the fungal partner obtains food prepared by the alga.
(iii) These do not grow in polluted areas.
(iv) The mycobiont is usually an Ascomycetes or a Basidiomycetes.
(v) The phycobiont is mostly a green alga or a cyanobacterium.
(vi) These constitute the pioneer community in the case of hydrosere.

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (v) and (vi)

  3. (i) and (vi)

  4. (i), (v) and (vi)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens represent mutualism, not commensalism (i is incorrect). They are pioneer species in xerosere (rock succession), not hydrosere (vi is incorrect).

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Which one of the following is an example of mutualism?

  1. Crown gall

  2. Lichens

  3. Hypertrophy

  4. Damping off
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Mutualism is a positive interaction in which both partners are benefited. Lichens are the mutualistic association of fungi and cyanobacteria in which both are benefited. 

So, the correct option is 'Lichens'.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Which one of the following is a bio-indicator of air pollution?

  1. Fern

  2. Lichen

  3. Money Plant

  4. Dodder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Lichens can be used as bioindicators of air pollution. They obtain most of their essential nutrients from the air in the surrounding environment instead of the soil as a result of which they accumulate the pollutants present in the air on the fungal threads. Lichens are most helpful in detecting sulfur dioxide pollution but can also be used in detecting radioactive elements and other toxic compounds.

So, the correct answer is 'lichen'.
Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

In lithosere, foliose lichens make the conditions favourable for the growth of

  1. Crustose lichens

  2. Mosses

  3. Annual grasses

  4. Perennial grasses
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In lithosere (xerosere or xerarch), the pioneer community is usually constituted by crustose lichens(e.g., Graphis, Rhizocarpon). Foliose lichens(e.g., Dermatocarpon, Parmelia) kill the crustose lichens by shading them, cause deeper depressions and accumulate more soil particles and organic matter. Foliose lichens make the conditions favourable for the growth of hardy mosses(e.g., Tortula, Grimmia).

So, the correct answer is 'Mosses'.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
The first organism to be found on a bare rock formation is a

  1. moss

  2. lichen

  3. fern

  4. grass
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lichen forms a crust over bare rocks and starts forming soil from their organic remains by secreting carbonic acid which results in the chemical breakdown of rocks. 

So, the correct option is 'lichen'.