Tag: classification of biodiversity

Linnaeus is considered as the father of taxonomy and was first to use the binomial nomenclature for organisms. He proposed natural system of classification for living organism and divide them into plant and animal kingdom; his system was first described in Systema Naturae in which he described all known species of plant and animal. Linnaeus described plant genera known to him in Genera Plantarum. He described all plant species known to him in his book Species Plantarum in which he gave a generic name to each species. 

Taxonomy is the branch of science that deals with principles, rules and procedure of classification of organisms based on their similarities and dissimilarities. Since identification and nomenclature are the prerequisites for classification, the first step in taxonomy is identification followed by nomenclature and then classification. 

Diverse nutritional habits ranging from autotrophic to obligate intracellular parasite; thus they can be autotrophs like plants, heterotrophs like animals and decomposers/saprotrophs like algae. They are classified on the basis of phylogenetic relationship based on rRNA sequences. Option B is correct. Prokaryotes are characterized by absence of true membrane bound nucleus and intracellular membranous structures; these characters differentiate them from eukaryotic organisms. Option A is incorrect. Plants are eukaryotic organisms with characteristic cell wall and autotrophic mode of nutrition. Option C is incorrect. Animals differ from plants by absence of cell wall and heterotrophic mode of nutrition. Option D is incorrect. Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Eichler classified the plant kingdom into two sub-kingdoms namely Cryptogamae (absence of flowers and seeds and reproduces by spores) and Phanerogamae (presence of flowers and seeds) in the year 1833. He accepted the concept of evolution and considered the simple characters with respect to related plants. 

Natural system of classification was proposed to classify the organism on the basis of similarities which can be easily observed. The classification takes into consideration the number of similar and different characters. The natural system of classification was introduced by Bentham and Hooker for the plants which have seeds. This was explained in the book Genera Plantarum which was published in three volumes and based on the work of these scientists.

Hallier, Hutchinson, Takhtajan, Engler, and Prantl is proposed with the phylogenetic system of classification.

Such a system includes the classification of organisms on the basis of descent from a common ancestor. Also, it is based on evolutionary ancestry.

So, the correct option is ' All of the above' i.e. D.

• The process of developing an evolutionary history of organisms is called phylogeny. The unit of data used here is the character or trait. 
  
• Systematics deals with the evolutionary relationships between the organisms
  
• Taxonomy deals with classifying and naming organisms.
  
• Hierarchy is an arrangement of sequence in an increasing or decreasing order.
  

Phylogeny is the study of the organisms with respect to its evolution and the relationship with other organisms. The concept of phylogeny has been discovered by Ernst Haeckel. The term phylogeny deals with the study of the evolutionary history of an organism. The classification which is based on the evolutionary relationship of organisms is referred to as phylogenetic classification. The evolutionary changes, lineage and history are taken into account during the classification.  

• Gregor Johann Mendel is considered as the Father of Genetics
• Linnaeus is considered as the Father of Taxonomy by his great contributions in this field
• One of the prime systems o plant taxonomy was devised by Adolf Engler
• Har Gobind Khorana is well known for first to demonstrate the role of nucleotides in protein synthesis
• So the correct option is Linnaeus

• System Naturae, is the book that contains various species of animals, was written by Swedish Naturalist, Linnaeus, who is known as Father of taxonomy
• Charles Darwin was an English Naturalist who wrote the book 'On the origin of species' and famously known as Father of evolution
• Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and popularly known as Father of Zoology
• Alfred Russell Wallace was a British Naturalist who wrote the book ' The Malay Archipelago' and famed in developing the theory of Natural selection
• So the correct option is 'Linnaeus'.