Tag: cell respiration

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Multiple choice biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

The energy releasing metabolic process in which substrate is oxidized without an external electron acceptor is called as

  1. Photorespiration

  2. Glycolysis

  3. Fermentation

  4. Aerobic respiration
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Fermentation is incomplete oxidation of food substances in absence of oxygen (external electron acceptor) into alcohol or lactic acid with the small amount of energy being released. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as an electron acceptor for oxidation of substrates. Glycolysis is the first common stage of both fermentation and aerobic respiration. Photorespiration is oxidation of RuBP by enzyme RUBISCO and does not produce energy. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

Incomplete breakdown of glucose in muscles results in the formation of 

  1. Alcohol and water

  2. Alcohol and lactic acid
  3. ${CO _2}$ and Water

  4. Lactic acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The type of fuel used during physical activity also depends on the efficiency with which oxygen is delivered to muscle cells. The complete breakdown of glucose occurs when $O _2$ is present which is called as aerobic metabolism. When $O _2$ is unavailable, glucose breakdown is incomplete and it results in the formation of lactic acid. Accumulation of lactic acid leads to sore muscles. 
Incomplete breakdown of glucose does not result in the formation of alcohol, water or $CO _2$. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

Fermentation is represented by which of the following equation? 

  1. $C _{6}H _{12}O _{6}\, \rightarrow\, 6CO _{2}\, + _\, 6H _{2}O\, +\, 673 K\, cal$
  2. $C _{6}H _{12}O _{6}\, \rightarrow\, 2C _{2}H _{5}OH\, +\, 2CO _{2}$
  3. $6CO _{2}\, +\, 12H _{2}O\, \rightarrow\, C _{6}H _{12}O _{6}\, +\, 6H _{2}O\, +\, 6O _{2}$
  4. $6CO _{2}\, +\, 6H _{2}O\, \xrightarrow[chlorophyll]{light}\, C _{6}H _{12}O _{6}\, +\, 6O _{2}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In fermentation, say by yeast, the incomplete oxidation of glucose is achieved under anaerobic conditions by sets of reactions where pyruvic acid is converted to $CO _2$ and ethanol. The enzymes, pyruvic acid decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase catalyse these reactions. Other organisms like some bacteria produce lactic acid from pyruvic acid. In animal cells also, like muscles during exercise, when oxygen is inadequate for cellular respiration pyruvic acid is reduced to lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase. In both lactic acid and alcohol fermentation not much energy is released; less than seven per cent of the energy in glucose is released and not all of it is trapped as high energy bonds of ATP. 

Multiple choice biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

In alcohol fermentation,

  1. Triose phosphate is the electron donor, while acetaldehyde is the electron acceptor.

  2. There is no electron donor.

  3. Oxygen is the electron acceptor.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In alcohol fermentation, NADH (from glycolysis) acts as the electron donor to reduce acetaldehyde into ethanol, while acetaldehyde itself acts as the final electron acceptor.

Multiple choice biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

Glucose is oxidised to ethyl alcohol during the process of

  1. Respiration.

  2. Aerobic respiration.

  3. Anaerobic respiration.

  4. Photosynthesis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The process of anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen. In this type, glucose is oxidized to ethyl alcohol, and it releases carbon dioxide. For example, breathing in yeast is a type of anaerobic respiration.

So, option C is the correct answer.

Multiple choice biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

Fermentation is an

  1. Aerobic respiration

  2. Incomplete oxidation

  3. Excretory process

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The process of respiration can be aerobic or anaerobic. The process of anaerobic respiration is also called as fermentation. Fermentation is a form of anaerobic respiration in which carbohydrates are incompletely oxidised to either ethanol and carbon dioxide as in yeast or lactic acid, as in the muscles of higher vertebrates.

Multiple choice biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

Who contributed to the research process on fermentation?

  1. Johannes Miller

  2. Matthias Jakob

  3. Robert Brown

  4. Schwann Theodor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Fermentation is the process pyruvate into lactic acid or alcohol in absence of oxygen. Schwann Theodor is considered as the founder of modern histology, the study of the structure of plant and animal tissues. Schwann discovered pepsin, the digestive enzyme, in the stomach epithelium, or membrane tissues, of animals. He also conducted valuable research on the processes of fermentation, purefaction, and muscular and arterial contraction. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.