Tag: gm crops

Aspergillus is utilized industrially in a number of ways. Most sodas and soft drinks contain citric acid as the main ingredient. Citric acid is also used in other drinks, many candies, canned goods, baked goods, etc. It is too expensive to isolate the citric acid from citrus fruits so it is produced in the large-scale fermentation of sugar by utilizing Aspergillus niger. 

Cider is also called the apple cider. This is an alcoholic product that is prepared from the fermentation of apples with the yeast Saccharomyces. Whereas Lactobacillus in milk converts it into the curd, Saccharomyces produces alcohol by the fermentation process in cane sugar and Bacillus Is used to bleach ramie fiber. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

The term "Yeast" is a morphological term that refers to a one-celled fungus. Most yeasts, including Saccharomyces reproduce by budding, where the daughter cells bleb off from a small pore in the side of the mother cell. S. cerevisiae is famously known for its role in food production. It is the critical component in the fermentation process that converts sugar into alcohol, an ingredient shared in beer, wine and distilled beverages. It is also used in the baking process as a leavening agent; yeast releasing gas into their environment results in the spongy-like texture of breads and cakes. Because of its role in fermentation, humans have known about and used Saccharomyces cerevisiae for a long time. In a process called as fermentation, yeast feeds off sugars from their substrate and convert it to ethanol, giving these beverages their alcoholic content. Depending on the beverage, yeast is incorporated into the creation process in several ways.

Ethanol fermentation is a biological process to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide as metabolic waste products. Because yeasts perform this conversion in the absence of oxygen, alcoholic fermentation is considered an anaerobic process. 

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Common name is Baker's or brewer's yeast) is a species of yeast generally used in the production of ethyl alcohol in beer and wine making process. In the production of ethyl alcohol, the fungus Saccharomyces produces the enzyme zymase. This zymase will then acts on Glucose to produce ethyl alcohol. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Dairy products have generally been considered an excellent source of high-quality protein, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and the B vitamins riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12. The final nutritional composition of yogurt is affected by the species and strains of bacteria used in the fermentation, the source and type of milk solids that may be added before fermentation, and the temperature and duration of the fermentation process.

Traditional animal rennet is an enzyme derived from the stomachs of calves, lambs or goats. Rennet is used in the production of most cheeses. Chymosin, its key component, is a protease enzyme that curdles the casein in milk. 

Acetobacter suboxydans is a gram-negative bacteria of the order rhodospirilla. It is used in the formation of ascorbic acid. A. suboxydans is widely used commercially in the production of ketonic acids like ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).