Tag: beginnings of socialist movements

The statue of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was erected in the Port Blair's Shaheed Park along with the eight other martyrs of the Andaman cellular jail. V.D savarkar was sentenced to imprisonment of fifty years on July 4, 1911 but was released from jail in 1921 after several mercy petitions to the British government.

 V.D. Savarkar established a secret revolutionary society ‘Mitra Mela’, in Nasik in 1899  It was one among the several revolutionary societies functioning at that time, which believed in the overthrow of British rule through armed rebellion.

In 1899, V.D. Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Savarkar established a secret revolutionary society ‘Mitra Mela’, which influenced the members to fight for “absolute political independence” of India.

Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were executed by hanging in the Lahore Central Jail on March 23, 1931.

 Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev bombed central legislative assembly in New Delhi on 8 April 1929 against the passage of the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes Bill which would reduce the civil liberties of citizens.  The aim was to make the deaf hear not to kill.

Ghadar party was an extremist revolutionary organisation founded by Sikhs in the US and Canada with the aim of securing India's independence from British rule. It was founded by Lala Hardayal and Sohan Singh Bhakna in the year 1913. The party had its headquarters in San Francisco. Its key members were Bhai Parmanand, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah, Rashbehari Bose and Gulab Kaur.

Apart from a few stray incidents, the armed rebellion against the British rulers was not organized before the beginning of the 20th century. The revolutionary philosophies and movement made its presence felt during the 1905 Partition of Bengal. Arguably, the initial steps to organize the revolutionaries were taken by Aurobindo Ghosh, his brother Barin Ghosh, Bhupendranath Datta, Lal Bal Pal and Subodh Chandra Mullick when they formed the Jugantar party in April 1906. Jugantar was created as an inner circle of the Anushilan Samiti, which was already present in Bengal mainly as a fitness club. After the First World War Jugantar supported Gandhi in the Non-Cooperation Movement and many of their leaders were in Congress. Still, the group continued its revolutionary activities, a notable event being the Chittagong armory raid. Hence, Option A is correct. The nineteenth century (1800-1899) did not see an organized revolution, hence, the rest of the options are incorrect. 

The famous slogan Inquilab Zindabad was given by Hasrat Mohani. The slogan was also used by Bhagat Singh, who shouted it after bombing the Central Assembly in Delhi. It became one of the rallying cries of the Indian independence movement. 

b. Masterda
The Armoury Raid, also known as Chittagong uprising, was an attempt on 18 April 1930 to raid the armoury of police and auxiliary forces from the Chittagong armoury in the Bengal Province of British India (now in Bangladesh) by armed Indian independence fighters led by Surya Sen. On returning to Chittagong in 1918, he organized Jugantar and joined the Umatara School at Chandanpore. Hence, the name ‘Masterda’ (Elder Brother).

Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan was known as Badshah Khan and “Sarhadi Gandhi” and Frontier Gandhi. He was born in 1890 and Died on January 1988. He was a Pashtun leader and ardent follower of Mahatma Gandhi and was known for his non-violent opposition to British Rule. He started the Khudai Khidmatgar movement (Servants of God). Khudai Khidmatgar movement was a non-violent freedom struggle against the British Empire by the Pashtuns or Pathans of the North-West Frontier Province led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.