Tag: gram staining

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Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Difference in Gram +ve  and Gram -ve bacteria is due to

  1. Cell wall

  2. Cell membrane

  3. Ribosome

  4. Cytoplasm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The cell wall of certain bacteria shows a characteristic reaction to the stain devised by C. Gram. Those bacteria which retain the stain are known as Gram positive and those which do not retain the stain are called Gram negative.

  • The cell wall in bacteria contains peptidoglycan, a polymer of N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl muramic acid and amino acids.
  • Gram-positive cell walls contain a thick layer of peptidoglycan that encircles the cell.
  • Gram-negative cell walls contain a thin layer of peptidoglycan between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Bacterial cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan, a complex of oligosaccharides and proteins.        The oligosaccharide component consist of _________

  1. Linear chain of alternating NAG and NAM linked by ${\alpha}$ (1 -4) linkage
  2. Linear chains of alternating NAG and NAM linked by ${\beta}$ (1-4) linkage.
  3. Linear chain of glucose linked by $4{\beta}$ (1-4) linkage.
  4. Linear chain of glucose linked by ${\alpha}$ (1-4) linkage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The oligosaccharide component of bacterial cell wall consists of linear chains of alternating NAG and NAM linked by ${\beta}$ (1-4)linkage.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Gram-negative bacteria that cause infections, when stained,  do not retain the crystal violet stain, which tells the researcher that

  1. The peptidoglycan layer is thick and the bacteria are resistant to antibiotics.

  2. The peptidoglycan layer is very thin and the bacteria is susceptible to antibiotics.

  3. The peptidoglycan layer is very thin and the bacteria are resistant to antibiotics.

  4. The peptidoglycan layer contains an impermeable lipid layer.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The peptidoglycan layer of the gram negative bacteria are thin and are also referred to as the cell envelope. The layer is wavy and provides resistance to antibiotics. They are more virulent as compared to Gram positive bacteria

So, the correct answer is 'The peptidoglycan layer is very thin and the bacteria are resistant to antibiotics'

Multiple choice botany living world and classification of microbes gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of Gram positive bacteria?

  1. Cell wall is smooth

  2. Mesosomes are distinctively prominent

  3. Basal body of flagellum contains 2 rings

  4. Outer membrane is present
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Outer membrane and periplasmic space are absent in Gram positive bacteria but present in Gram negative bacteria. The outer membrane in Gram negative bacteria is made up of lipopolysaccharides.

Multiple choice botany living world and classification of microbes gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Mucopeptide of cell wall is more in

  1. Gram-positive bacteria

  2. Gram-negative bacteria

  3. Cyanobacteria

  4. Bacteriophage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cell wall of Gram +ve bacteria is made up of peptidoglycans (mucopeptide). Mucopeptide form about 50% of component of cell wall. Cell wall of Gram -ve bacteria is made up of single layer of peptidoglycans.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Cell organelles are the parts of a living cell. All cells have a cell membrane and some cells have a cell wall.
 Which of the following has a cell wall? 
 I. Plants
 II. Bacteria
 III. Fungi

  1. I only

  2. II only

  3. I and II only

  4. II and III only

  5. I, II and III
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cell wall is the outermost, rigid, protective, non-living and supportive layer found in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists but absent in animal cells.

1. Plants cell wall is made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Cellulose is a polymer of glucose and pectin is a polymer of galactouronic acid.

2. Bacterial cell wall is made up of protein lipid polysaccharide NAG (N-Acetyl Glucosamine) and NAM (N-Acetyl Muramic Acid).

3. Fungal cell wall is made up of chitin which is a polymer of glucosamine.
Hence all options are correct.

So, the correct answer is 'I, II and III'.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

The murein found in bacterial cell is

  1. Derivative of protein

  2. Derivative of fat

  3. Derivative of organic acids

  4. Derivative of sugars
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The mucopeptide or murein is a polymer of two amino sugars namely N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM). These NAG and NAM are derivatives of Glucose molecules.

Thus, the correct answer is 'D'.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Moving on a grass lawn facilitates better maintenance primarily owing to 

  1. Removal of apical dominance and promotion of lateral meristem

  2. Removal of apical dominance

  3. Wounding which stimulate rapid regeneration

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Sometimes apical bud inhibits the growth of lateral buds, it is called apical dominance. By moving on a grass lawn apical buds are removed and apical dominance of grass is breaked.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

One of the following is less resistant or more susceptible to antibiotics.

  1. Gram positive bacteria

  2. Gram negative bacteria

  3. Escherichia coli

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gram-negative bacteria have a unique outer membrane. This outer membrane prevents penetration of antibiotics within the cell. However, Gram-positive bacteria do not have an outer LPS membrane. This makes them more susceptible or less resistant to antibiotics than gram-positive bacteria.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Gram-positive bacteria.'