Tag: rocks and minerals

Synthesis gas is made by passing steam over a red-hot carbon fuel such as coke:
$H _2O + C \rightarrow  H _2  + CO ( \delta H =+131KJ/mol) $
Synthesis gas is a useful product, but requires careful handling due to its flammability and the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning

Coal tar is to make plastics, paints, dyes, naphthalene balls and explosives, Pharmaceutical Industry.

Coal gas, gaseous mixture—mainly hydrogen ($H _2$), methane ($CH _4$), and carbon monoxide  ($CO$) — formed by the destructive distillation (i.e., heating in the absence of air) of bituminous coal and used as a fuel. Sometimes steam is added to react with the hot coke, thus increasing the yield of gas. Coal tar and coke are obtained as by-products.

Water gas. Water gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen produced from synthesis gas. Synthesis gas is a useful product, but requires careful handling due to its flammability and the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.

A solid fuel formed by heating coal in the absence of air is coke. Coke is black colored, tough porous substance. It is pure carbon. It has applications in steel manufacture and in the metallurgy.

Coke is a better fuel because coke  produces more heat on burning as compared to coal. Coke has higher calorific value than coal. When equal masses of coke and coal are bunt, coke produces more heat. Also when coke is burnt, smoke is not obtained whereas coal produces smoke on coal.

Coke is used in the preparation of producer gas which is a mixture of carbon monoxide and nitrogen. Producer gas is produced by passing air over red-hot coke. Coke is also used to manufacture water gas.

Coal gas is a flammable gaseous fuel made from coal and supplied to the user via a piped distribution system. Town gas is a more general term referring to manufactured gaseous fuels produced for sale to consumers and municipalities.

Natural coke is also called as carbonite coke. It is formed by metamorphism from bituminous coal when intrusive igneous rock cuts across vein of coal.

Coal tar is a brown or black liquid of extremely high viscosity. Coal tar is among the by-products when coal is carbonized to make coke or gasified to make coal gas.