Tag: changes at puberty

14th day of menstrual cycle will be ovulation day. Thus she will release ovum on 14th March. Next menstrual cycle will trigger on 29th March, that is after exact 28 days of previous menstrual cycle. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone which is essential for maintenance of the endometrium (wall of the uterus) . Such an endometrium is necessary for implantation of the fertilized ovum. In the absence of fertilization, the corpus luteum degenerates resulting in decline in the progesterone level. This causes disintegration of the endometrium leading to menstruation, making a new cycle. 

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of symptoms linked to the menstrual cycle in women. PMS symptoms start 1-2 days before the period and some of these symptoms include acne, swollen or tender breasts, trouble sleeping, upset stomach, bloating, constipation or diarrhoea, anxiety, depression etc.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Progesterone is the hormone which is released by the corpus luteum and the placenta. The hormone is known as the pregnancy hormone which helps in the maintenance of the cell lining of the endometrium. When the released egg is not fertilised, then the level of progesterone decreases as the corpus luteum degenerates. The low level of progesterone results in shedding of the cells from the uterine wall causing menstruation. 

Females of most vertebrate species exhibit recurring periods of heightened sexual activity in which they are sexually attractive, proceptive and receptive to the males. In mammalian females (except humans, old world monkeys and apes) this periodic sex appeal is referred to as estrous or heat i.e., ready to accept a male and to mate. One or more estrous may occur during the breeding of a species. Prior to ovulation, the endometrium (uterine wall) thickens, in preparation for holding the fertilised ova. As the proliferation of uterine tissue reaches its peak, receptivity is highest. 

After the age of 45, the number of ovarian follicles decreases and the ovaries become less responsive to luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. Hence the ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone. So the menstrual cycle stops and reproductive capacity is arrested. Menopause marks the end of reproductive phase. 

The complete end of the menstrual cycle in females is marked by menopause. Menopause can occur in your 40s or 50s. Menopause is a natural biological process. Although it also ends fertility, you can stay healthy, vital and sexual.

Menstruation is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina. Up to 80% of women report having some symptoms prior to menstruation. Common symptoms include acne, tender breasts, bloating, feeling tired, irritability, and mood changes. These symptoms interfere with normal life, and therefore qualify as premenstrual syndrome, in 20 to 30% of women. In 3 to 8%, symptoms are severe. 

The physical symptoms such as hot flashes and emotional symptoms of menopause may disrupt your sleep, lower your energy or for some women trigger anxiety or feelings of sadness and loss. Therefore, (c) is the correct answer.

The menstrual cycle is the reproductive cycle which takes place in the females in every 28 days after puberty. The ovulation is the release of the egg or the female gamete which takes place on the 14$^{th}$ day of the cycle. There is only one egg produced and released every month. The process of menstruation is the bleeding phase which takes place every from for about 5 days.