Tag: structures and functions related to the excretory system

Questions Related to structures and functions related to the excretory system

Mucus is secreted by the

evs - i more about organ system human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

  1. Stomach

  2. Duodenum

  3. Large intestine

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Stomach - Foveolar cells are mucus-producing cells, which cover the inside of the stomach, protecting it from the corrosive nature of gastric acid. The mucus produced by these cells is extremely important, as it prevents the stomach from digesting itself.
Duodenum - Brunner's glands (or duodenal glands) are compound tubular submucosal glands present in the duodenum. The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate) in order to: protect the duodenum from the acidic content of chyme (which is introduced into the duodenum from the stomach); provide an alkaline condition for the intestinal enzymes to be active, thus enabling absorption to take place and lubricate the intestinal walls.
Large intestine - Goblet cells reside throughout the length of the small and large intestine and are responsible for the production and maintenance of the protective mucus blanket by synthesizing and secreting high-molecular-weight glycoproteins, known as mucins. 

The longest loop of Henle is found in 

evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

  1. Kangaroo rat

  2. Opposum

  3. Rhesus monkey

  4. Porcupine

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Kangaroo rat lives in the desert, therefore, it needs to conserve water in the body. In kangaroo rat, the loop of Henle is significantly longer as it descends further into the medulla and produces a higher concentration gradient in the surrounding tissue so as to produce urine which is 18 times concentrated than that of their blood. This gradient allows more water to diffuse into the surrounding tissues to be reabsorbed. 
So the correct answer is 'Kangaroo rat'.

An organism which has Malpighian tubule as excretory organ can be placed in phylum

evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

  1. Arthropda

  2. Annelida

  3. Platyhelminthes

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Malpighian tubules are the excretory organs in all insects. The tubules often occur in two’s or multiples of two. As insects belong to the phylum Arthropoda, the organism must be placed under it. 

So, the correct option is 'Arthropoda'.

Name the excretory organs of grasshopper.

evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

  1. Malphigian tubule

  2. Nephridia

  3. Flame cells

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The excretory organs of grasshopper are the malpighian tubules which are coiled about in the haemocoel and open into the anterior end of the hindgut. The malpighian tubules have a wall of a single layer of cells with striated inner border. Their free ends are completely closed. In the majority of Arthropods, Malpighian tubules are the excretory organs. So, the correct option is 'Malpighian tubule'.

Organs of excretion in annelids are

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  1. Suckers

  2. Nephridia

  3. Lungs

  4. Kidney

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Organs of excretion in annelids are nephridia. The nephridium is an invertebrate organ which occurs in pairs and performs a function similar to the vertebrate kidney. Nephridia remove metabolic wastes from an animal's body. 
So, the correct answer is 'Nephridia'.

Kidney of adult reptile is 

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  1. Metanephric

  2. Mesonephric

  3. Pronephric

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

On the basis of development, there three types of kidneys as pronephric kidney, mesonephric kidney and the metanephric kidney.

A. The metanephric kidney is present in the reptiles, birds, and mammals. In these types, the glomeruli are well developed.
B. The mesonephric kidney is present in adult fishes and amphibians. They have internal glomeruli enclosed in capsules forming Malpighian bodies.
C. The pronephric kidney occurs in jawless fishes and represents the earliest stage.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Metanephric'

The excretory product of fresh water fishes is _____.

evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

  1. Urea

  2. Uric acid

  3. Ammonia

  4. Guanine

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The excretory product of freshwater fishes is 'ammonia'.

The most advanced kidneys in which loop of Henle is present are called metanephric kidneys,these are in all;except one

evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

  1. Amphibians

  2. Reptiles

  3. Birds

  4. Mammals

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Amphibians have mesonephric type of kidneys which are primitive compared to metanephric kidneys. 
  • Mesonephric kidneys do not have nephrons but their nephrons do not contain a loop of Henle.
So, the correct option is 'Amphibians'.

Nephridia are the excretory organ of ___________.

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  1. Protozoans

  2. Coelenterates

  3. Flatworms

  4. Annelids

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Nephridia: a tubule open to the exterior which acts as an organ of excretion or osmoregulation. It typically has ciliated or flagellated cells and absorptive walls. Nephridia remove metabolic wastes from an animal's body. They are present in many different invertebrate lines. There are two basic types, metanephridia and protonephridia, but there are other types. A metanephridium is a type of excretory gland found in many types of invertebrates such as annelids, arthropods and Mollusca.

So, the correct answer is 'Annelids'.

In which one of the following organisms its excretory organs are correctly stated?

evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

  1. Frog - kidneys, skin and buccal epithelium

  2. Human - kidneys, sebaceous glands and tear glands

  3. Earthworm - pharyngeal, integumentary and septal nephridia

  4. Cockroach - Malpighian tubules and enteric caeca

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Nephridia is the earthworm's excretory organ. Earthworms are called septal, integumentary, and pharyngeal nephridia in three kinds of nephridial structures. These three nephridial structures are present in various body positions and differ in structures as well. Septal and pharyngeal nephridia are both enteronephric, i.e. they expel nitrogen products to the gut. Integumentary nephridia is exonephric, i.e. products of nitrogen waste are discharged outside straigh