Tag: cardiac regulation and disorders

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Questions Related to cardiac regulation and disorders

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

Oval depression or fossa is observed over

  1. Inter-atrial septum

  2. Interventricular septum

  3. Right auriculo-ventricular septum

  4. Left auriculoventricular septum

  5. Papillary muscles.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The fossa ovalis is a depression in the right atrium of the heart, located on the inter-atrial septum, which is the remnant of the foramen ovale from fetal circulation.

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

Heart pumps blood more forcefully in older persons than younger ones due to

  1. Decrease in oxygen content of blood

  2. Decrease in elasticity of arteries

  3. Fall in nutrient content of blood

  4. Increase in elasticity of arteries
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

As people age, the elasticity of the arterial walls decreases (arteriosclerosis). This causes the heart to pump against higher resistance, requiring more forceful contractions.

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

The thickening of walls of arteries is called

  1. Aneurysm

  2. Arteriosclerosis

  3. Arthritis

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Arteriosclerosis, thickening and hardening of the arteries, is a condition in which plaque builds up inside the arteries. Plaque is made of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin (a clotting material in the blood). Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis is a general term for the thickening and hardening of arteries.  

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

Persons with thrombocytopenia have a tendency to bleed from capillaries all over their bodies, their skin is covered with many small purple blotches called

  1. Petechiae

  2. Ptosis

  3. Release reaction

  4. Vasoconstriction
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A petechia is a small (1 - 2 mm) red or purple spot on the skin, caused by a minor haemorrhage (broken capillary blood vessels). The flat round red spots formed under the skin due to bleeding are known as petechiae. They are red due to the leakage of blood from the capillaries.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

Which of the following is congenital heart disease?

  1. Patent ductus arteriosus

  2. Patent foramen ovale

  3. Ventricular septal defect

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital disorder in the heart, wherein a neonate's ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. 

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a hole between the left and right atria (upper chambers) of the heart. 
Ventricular septal defect is a hole in the wall, that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart. It is a most common congenital heart defect.

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

Which of the following binds with hemoglobin irreversibly?

  1. Carbon dioxide

  2. Carbon monoxide

  3. Ethane

  4. Nitrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The red blood cells contain hemoglobin and each red blood cell contains nearly 280 million hemoglobin molecules. The hemoglobin molecules transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and also transports CO$ _2$ from the tissues to the lungs. However, the affinity displayed by hemoglobin molecules for carbon monoxide is many times greater than oxygen. The presence of even very low levels of carbon monoxide has a profound effect on oxygen transport of the blood. Moreover, the binding of carbon monoxide to hemoglobin is irreversible.

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

Minimum concentration and pressure of CO in alveoli of lungs that would be dangerous to man is

  1. 1 %, 0-7 mm Hg

  2. 0-4 %, 0-7 mm Hg

  3. 2 -7%, 0-4 mm Hg

  4. 0 -3 %, 0-4 mm Hg
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Minimum concentration and pressure of CO in alveoli of lungs that would be dangerous to man is about 1 %, 0-7 mm Hg.
Carbon monoxide from alveolar air diffuses into the blood, competes with oxygen for binding sites on hemoglobin molecules. As carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin with more affinity than oxygen to form a more stable compound called as carboxyhaemoglobin. This prevents the carriage of oxygen to the blood, and hence to tissues, muscles and all other organs (heart, brain, kidney, liver etc.) and thus can even lead to death. Carbon monoxide poisoning can occur acutely with smoke intoxication, or over a period of time, as in cigarette smoking.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.