Tag: classification of fungi

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Multiple choice botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

Which one is an example of mutualism?

(a) Mycorrhiza
(b) Orchid and Bee
(c) Fig tree and wasp
(d) Epiphytes.

  1. a and b

  2. b and d

  3. a and c

  4. a, b and c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Orchids and orchid bees are a classic example of mutualism. The flowers depend on the bees to pollinate them so they can reproduce and, in return, the bees get fragrance compounds they use during courtship displays and mycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships that form between fungi and plants. The fungi colonize the root system of a host plant, providing increased water and nutrient absorption capabilities while the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates formed from photosynthesis. 


So, the correct option is - 'A and b'.

Multiple choice botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

Select the true statements out of the following.
(A) VAM is useful for phosphate absorption.
(B) Most of the lichens are ascolichens.
(C) Trebouxia is most common phycobiont in lichens.

  1. Only A and B

  2. Only B and C

  3. Only C

  4. A, B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are classified as per their fungal component and the species  are given the same binomial name as per the fungus species in the lichen. The  partner in a lichen which enables photosynthesis is called as photobiont and the algal photobionts are called as phycobionts. Trebouxia, a genus of green algae is most common phycobiont and occurs in 40% of all lichens.
Since, the fungal component of the lichen may be a ascomycete or a basidiomycete, the associated lichens to ascomycetes are called as ascolichens.
Vesicular Arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM fungi) forms symbiosis with higher plants. This type of symbiosis helps in the intake of nutrients especially phosphorus.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

Give a brief account on VAM.

  1. Forms fungal sheath around root

  2. Fungal hypha grows intracelluarly

  3. Fungal hypha destoys cortical cells to rach phloem of the plant

  4. Forms hartig net in the intercellular spaces of cortex
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Mycorrhiza is the product formed by the symbiotic association between the fungus and the roots of higher plants. Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM) is the symbiotic association between Phycomycetes fungus and the roots of angiospermic plants forming a mycelial sheath and also acts as a biofertilizer.
Some of the main characteristic features are :
• Helps to absorb important macro and microelements and water
• Compatible with other biofertilizers
• Provides protection to the plants from pathogenic fungi and nematodes 
• Does not affect ecological balance and environmental friendly.
So, the correct answer is 'Forms fungal sheath around root'
Multiple choice botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

Fungus which is found in Pinus root is

  1. Amanita

  2. Corticium

  3. Fornes

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Mycorrhiza is the term used to define the association of fungi on roots of vascular plants. In the case of woody plants such as pine, birch and oak, the fungi belonging to the phyllum; Basidomycota and Acomycota form the mycorrhizal assoociations. Ectomycorrhizas, such as Amanita and Boletus form mycorrhizas on Pinus.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

Mycorrhiza is an association between roots of higher plant and fungus. It is an example of

  1. Symbiosis

  2. Parasitism

  3. Helotism

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Biologically, mycorrhiza is defined as an association of fungi and roots of vascular plants. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus tends to colonise the host plant roots either intracellular or extracellular. However, this is a symbiotic association, which is generally mutualistic and rarely pathogenic.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.  

Multiple choice botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

Match column I with column II and select the correct answer from the given codes.

Column I  Column II 
A. Mycorrhizae (i) Azadirachtin
B. Bacillus thuringiensis (ii) Phosphorus nutrition
C. Root nodules (iii)  Leghaemoglobin 
D. Biopesticide (iv) Bioinsecticide

  1. A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iv)

  2. A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(i)

  3. A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(i)

  4. A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(i)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Mycorrhizae helps in phosphorus uptake from the soil.
Bacillus thuringiensis is a bioinsecticide.
Leghaemoglobin is present in the root nodules in leguminous plants.
Azadiractin is a secondary metabolite present in the neem seeds and it acts as a biopesticide.
So, the correct option is 'A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(I)'
Multiple choice biology useful and harmful microbes mycorrhiza classification of fungi harmful microorganisms

Sclerotia extract of .................. fungus produce a powerful hallucinogenic drug LSD and drug ergotine.

  1. Claviceps purpurea

  2. Aspergillus flavus

  3. Agaricus

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Claviceps purpurea is an ergot fungus that grows on the ears of rye and related cereal and forae plants. Consumption of grains or seeds contaminated with the survival structure of this fungus, the ergot sclerotium, can cause ergotism in humans and other mammals. Ergotine is a powerful astringent alkaloid extracted from ergot as a brown, amorphous, bitter substance. It produces hallucinating effect on humans. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology useful and harmful microbes mycorrhiza classification of fungi harmful microorganisms

Medicinal importance alkaloids extracted from Claviceps are  

  1. Ergometrine

  2. Ergotoxine

  3. Ergotamine

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ergometrine, Ergotoxine, Ergotamine all are alkaloids of medicinal importance extracted from Claviceps. Claviceps purpurea is an ergot fungus that grows on the ears of rye and related cereal and forae plants. Consumption of grains or seeds contaminated with the survival structure of this fungus, the ergot sclerotium, can cause ergotism in humans and other mammals. Ergotine is a powerful astringent alkaloid extracted from ergot as a brown, amorphous, bitter substance. It produces hallucinating effect on humans.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.