Tag: basics of joints

Each hind limb contains 30 bones namely femur in thigh, patella inthe knee, tibia and fibula in the lower leg, 7 tarsals in the ankle, 5 meta-tarsals in the sole and 14 phalanges in toes.

• Hindlimb is composed of  Femur (thigh bone – the longest bone), tibia and fibula, tarsals (ankle bones – 7 in number), metatarsals (5 in number) and phalanges (digits – 14 in number).
  
• When a cricket player is chasing a ball it represents he is running. during running hind limbs assist motion hence muscles off hind limbs contribute to the motion.
  
• Hence when a cricket player is chasing a ball. the group of muscles which contribute to this movement are tarsals, femur, metatarsals, tibia.
• So, the correct answer is 'Tarsals, femur, metatarsals, tibia'.

• The osteon or Haversian system is the fundamental functional unit of much compact bone. 
• Osteons are roughly cylindrical structures. 
• Presence of the Haversian system is a typical character of mammalian bone. Panther is a mammal. Hence, bones of panther shall have a Haversian system.
  

A hinge joint is a common class of synovial joint that includes the ankle, elbow and knee joints. Hinge joints are formed between two or more bones where the bones can only move along one axis to fold or extend. The elbow is a more complex hinge joint that forms between the humerus of the upper arm and the ulna and radius of the forearm. So, the correct answer is 'Hinge'.

• The bones of the arm or forelimb are humerus, radius and ulna, carpals (wrist bones – 8 in number), metacarpals (palm bones – 5 in number) and phalanges (digits – 14 in number).
  
• Hence radius is bone of arm.
• So, the correct answer is 'Arm'.

• The bones of the hand (forelimb) are humerus, radius and ulna, carpals (wrist bones – 8 in number), metacarpals (palm bones – 5 in number) and phalanges (digits – 14 in number),
  
• The ulna is a long and curved bone.
  
• Proximally, the ulna articulates with the humerus at the elbow joint. Distally, the ulna articulates with the radius, forming the distal radio-ulnar joint.
• So, the correct answer is 'Long and curved bone'.

There are three bones of the hip bone that come together to form the acetabulum. Two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum. The ilium forms the upper boundary, providing a little less than two-fifths of the structure of the acetabulum. The rest is formed by the pubis, near the midline.

A synovial joint is a connection between two bones consisting of a cartilage lined cavity filled with fluid. Synovial joints are capable of the greatest movement. Knees, elbows and shoulders are examples of synovial joints. Since they allow for free movement, synovial joints are classified as diarthrosis. They allow for many types of movement including gliding, angular, rotational etc. So, the correct answer is 'Synovial joints'.

There are several examples of these joints in the human body, including joints between the bones of the skull, joints in the pelvis and joints between the teeth and the mandible, or lower jaw, and the maxilla, or upper jaw. Another name for immovable joins is a synarthrosis, which simply means immovable. The two types of immovable joints are fibrous joints and cartilaginous joints.