Tag: ground tissue system

Ground tissue of plants consists of all tissues except epidermis and vascular tissues. It is divided into three types based on the nature of the cell walls. These are parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma. 

The ground tissue consists  majorly of parenchymatous tissue that forms the whole plant body other than the epidermis and the vascular bundles. It arises from the periblem meristematic tissue.

Ground tissue (fundamental tissue) consists of the cortex, endodermis, pericycle, and pith. Phloem is part of the vascular tissue system, not the ground tissue system.

The tissues that are involved in the secretion of gums, resins, volatile oils, nectar and latex are known as secretory tissues. These are further differentiated into glandular and laticiferous. Glandular tissue consists of special structures or glands made up of isolated cells or small group cells with granular cytoplasm filling it and with a large nucleus. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

In a monocotyledenous stem, the vascular bundles are not arranged in a circle but are usually scattered throughout the ground tissue. There is no clearly defined pith as there is in many dicotyledonous species. As in the dicots the xylem of the bundles is pre-orientated toward the middles of the stem. Maize is a monocot. So, the vascular bundles in maize stem are scattered in ground tissue. 

Stoma (plural stomata) is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs that is used to control gas exchange. The pore is bordered by a pair of specialized parenchyma cells known as guard cells that are responsible for regulating the size of the opening. Stomata is absent in cork or phellem. A lenticel is a porous tissue consisting of cells with large intercellular spaces in the periderm of the secondarily thickened organs and the bark of woody stems and roots of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It functions as a pore, providing a pathway for the direct exchange of gases between the internal tissues and atmosphere through the bark, which is otherwise impermeable to gases. Cork contains lenticels. Thus, option A is correct. Passage cells are endodermal cells of older roots which have retained thin walls and Casparian strips rather than becoming suberized and waterproof like the other cells around them, to continue to allow some symplastic flow to the inside. Experimental evidence suggests that passage cells function to allow transfer of solutes such as calcium and magnesium into the stele, in order to eventually reach the transpiration system. Sieve tube elements lacks nuclei. Quiescent zone is present in root apex. 

A. Dermal tissue system – Epidermis 

B. Vascular tissue system – Xylem and phloem 

C. Ground tissue system – General cortex, endodermis, pericycle,medulla,      medullary rays, conjunctive tissue, mesophyll 

D. Epidermal tissue system – Epidermis

So, the correct option is ‘Ground tissue system’.

A. Medulla – central part of the stele.

B. Stele – central part of the root and dicot stem, includes pericycle, vascular bundles, medulla, medullary rays or conjuctive tissue.

C. Cortex – middle part of the dicot stem and root, includes hypodermis, general cortex and endodermis.

D. Exodermis – outer part of mature monocot root.

So, the correct option is ‘Cortex’.

A.Endodermis - Inner most layer of cortex

B.Epidermis – outer layer of organs.

C.Exodermis – outer most layer of mature monocot root.

D.Hypodermis – it is present inner to the epidermis in stems.

So, the correct option is ‘Endodermis’.

Stele in which vascular bundles are arranged in scattered manner in the ground tissue, is called Atactostele. It is found in monocot stem.