Tag: asexual modes of reproduction

• AGMARK is a certification mark employed on agricultural products in India. 
• Assuring that they conform to a set of standards approved by the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection. 
• All agricultural products like grain, milk, dairy product, etc. come under this quality assurance policy. 
• Ghee is a dairy product and it belongs to agriculture production so it should have AGMARK.
• So, the answer is option B.

• The sugarcane molasses are generally used as the fermentation medium. 
• The yeast cells are grown in this medium to perform anaerobic respiration which produces ethanol and carbon dioxide. 
• The molasses which are used is diluted so that the activity of yeast cells is fast and the production of ethanol occurs at a rapid pace. 
• If the process is slowed down, then the molasses must not have been diluted before the addition of the fermentation medium in the fermentor.
• Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

GMO stands for Genetically modified organisms. Any organism whose genetic material is modified by the use of genetic engineering technique is known as genetically modified organism. It is basically used to produce biotechnological products for the benefit of mankind.

Transposons are movable DNA sequences that can move (or jump) from one location in the genome to another and are found in bacteria. They leave a copy of themselves in the original position when they move to a new site. This phenomenon is significant  in antibiotic resistance. 

Genetically modified organisms are those whose genome is altered by transgene using the genetic engineering techniques to produce genetically modified foods. The genome of the modified organisms is altered by the gene of unrelated organisms. 

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive bacterium that produces crystals during sporulation. These crystals comprise ~130 kDa protoxins called crystal proteins which are potent and highly specific insecticides. Once ingested by specific host, these crystals dissolve in the alkaline conditions of the gut thereby activating the protoxins. The active toxins then bind to receptors on midgut epithelial cells, become inserted into the plasma membrane where they form pores leading to cell death through osmotic lysis. This special feature of Bt toxin was explored in genetic engineering to produce bioinsecticidal Bt brinjal plants. Correct answer is C.

Genetically modified crops can incorporate genes from various sources, including closely related species, distantly related species, bacteria, or animals, to introduce desired traits like pest resistance or drought tolerance.

• Maize hybrids with higher lysine content were developed to improve the protein in corn.
• This hybrid maize provides substantially higher levels of two essential amino acids - Lysine and tryptophan.
• So the correct answer is 'Lysine'

• Wheat is a  cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food. Wheat is an important source of carbohydrates and has a protein content of about 13%, which is relatively high compared to other major cereals.
• RR-21 (Sonalika) is a high yielding variety of wheat which is an early maturing single dwarf wheat with wide adaptation and good attractive amber grains. The variety is very suitable for late sowings. It is resistant to rusts.
• Other varieties of wheat are kalyansona and girija.

Golden rice is produced by genetic engineering to biosynthesize beta-carotene. Genetically modified corn is a genetically modified crop. Maize strains have been genetically engineered to acquired traits, including resistance to pests and to herbicides. Flavr Savr a genetically modified tomato was the first commercially grown genetically engineered food for human consumption.  Basmati rice GM crops have increased the reliance of farmers on herbicides and leading to new weed problems as well as to many legal problems.