Tag: communicable diseases

Direct transmission is communicable and contagious disease. It is spread from one infected person to the host. It can be transferred due to direct sexual contact, through air in the form of sneezing or coughing, through contaminated food and water due fecal matter etc. Therefore, (d) is the correct answer.

Fomites are surfaces which are frequently touched and hence infected. There can be many items used by the infected person like door knobs, handles, computer keyboards, pen, toys phone etc. Therefore, (d) is the correct answer.

Infections can also be transmitted through contaminated air, soil, water, surroundings etc. Food not prepared in hygienic conditions can also cause infection. Therefore, (c) is the correct answer.

Indirect Transmission is the spread of disease from host to host by means of a vector. Therefore, (b) is the correct answer.

Becoming exposed to or infected with an infectious microbe does not necessarily mean developing disease. This can be an advantage to people with good immune system. Proper nourishment and food will give rise to a healthy immune system. Therefore, (a) is the correct answer.

Particles containing organisms which can remain in air for long time Solution:- Dust particles containing microorganisms which can remain in air for longer duration of time results in airborne transmission. They must be resistant to drying and can survive for long outside the body. Therefore, (b) is the correct answer.

Explanation: It is an acute infectious and highly fatal, bacterial disease of cattle. Buffaloes, sheep and goats are also affected. Young cattle between 6-24 months of age, in good body condition are mostly affected. It is soil-borne infection which generally occurs during rainy season. In India, the disease is sporadic (1-2 animal) in nature. It is caused by Clostridium chauvoei.

The mosquitoes act as a vector and help in the transmission of several diseases. Dengue fever is transmitted by the biting of the Aedes mosquito and the malaria is transmitted by the biting of the female Anopheles mosquito. 

An allergen is a type of antigen which are non-infectious that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body. Such reactions are called allergies. The production of allergens stimulates the release of IgE (immunoglobulin E) antibodies. These IgE antibodies bind to the allergens and then activates receptors of mast cells which triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine. Hence, allergens induce disorders through secretion of IgE and histamine.