Tag: minerals and vitamins

Humans lack the enzyme cellulase required to break down cellulose. Therefore, cellulose cannot be digested by human enzymes, nor by symbiotic bacteria in the human gut.

Potassium-40 is a naturally occurring radioactive isotope in the human body. It is estimated that approximately 38,000 atoms of K-40 decay per second in an average adult.

The glyoxalate cycle converts the fats into carbohydrates. This takes place in the organelles which are known as peroxisomes.

A lacteal is a lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine. Triglycerides are emulsified by bile and hydrolyzed by the enzyme lipase, resulting in a mixture of fatty acids and monoglycerides. These chylomicrons then pass into the lacteals, forming a milky substance known as chyle.

Cellulose waste can be converted into single-cell protein through microbial fermentation. This process utilizes the carbon source in cellulose to produce protein-rich biomass.

Cellulose is a polysaccharide consisting of linear chain of numerous linked D-glucose units whereas proteins are formed of number of amino acids linked together by peptide linkage.

Brown fat cells are specialized for thermogenesis and contain a high density of mitochondria, which give the tissue its characteristic brown color. White fat cells primarily store energy and have fewer mitochondria.

• The most abundant lipid present in the cell membrane is phospholipids.
• The cell membrane is called lipid bilayer as it is a double layer membrane made up of phospholipids. 
• Phospholipids consist of a polar head group and non-polar fatty acid tails. 
• The arrangement of these phospholipids in the cell membrane makes the cell membrane permeable.
  
• The correct answer is OPTION B.

The presence of Quasi-fluid nature of cell membrane is due to Phospholipids such as cholesterol moieties that impart fluidity.