Tag: last phase of struggle for independence

On 12th March 1930, Gandhi inaugurated The Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March, where he broke the Salt Laws imposed by the British Government. Followed by seventy nine ashramites, Gandhi embarked on his march from his Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi that is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea.

On 6th April 1930, Gandhi with the accompaniment of seventy nine satyagrahis, violated the Salt Law by picking up a fistful of salt lying on the sea shore. They manually made salt on the shores of Dandi. 

The Civil Disobedience Movement was relaunched in 1932 after Gandhiji returned to India after attending the Second Round Table Conference. Gandhiji came back 'empty-handed'.

On 30 October 1928, the Commission stepped in Lahore where it was met by protesters waving dark flags. The challenge was driven by Indian patriot Lala Lajpat Rai, who had moved a determination against the Commission in the Legislative Assembly of Punjab in February 1928. The protestors were lathi-charged. In one such lathi-charge by the police at Lahore, Lala Lajpatrai was wounded.

Wherever the commission went, protest rallies were organised. People strongly protested against the Commission everywhere, giving shouts of 'Simon, go back'. They were lathi-charged. In one such lathi-charge by the police at Lahore, Lala Lajpat Rai was wounded.

The Purna Swaraj declaration, or Declaration of the Independence of India, was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929, resolving the Congress and Indian nationalists to fight for Purna Swaraj.

The flag of India had been hoisted by Congress President Jawaharlal Nehru on 31 December 1929. The Congress asked the people of India to observe 26 January as Independence Day. The flag of India was hoisted publicly across India by Congress volunteers, nationalists and the public.

The Purna Swaraj declaration, or Declaration of the Independence of India, was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929, resolving the Congress and Indian nationalists to fight for Purna Swaraj.

The Congress asked the people of India to observe 26 January as Independence Day. January 26, 1930, was a red-letter day in the history of Indian nationalist movement as mass civil disobedience movement was launched on that day. People took a pledge to attain Poorna Swaraj or complete independence. 

In a lathi-charge by the police at Lahore, Lala Lajpat Rai was wounded. some days thereafter, he succumbed to the injuries.

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan is the person who led Civil Disobedience Movement in North-West frontier province.  He was the most loyal follower of Gandhi and was called Frontier Gandhi. He began a satyagraha at Peshawar on 23 April 1930.

The civil disobedience movement came to end because of the Gandhi-Irwin pact. It was signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931. 

Following were the provisions of the Gandhi-Irwin pact:

•  Stopping of the civil disobedience movement by the Indian National Congress.
  
•  Participation of Indian National Congress in the Round Table Conference.
  
•  Withdrawal of all laws issued by the British Government forcing checks on the exercises of the Indian National Congress.
  
•  The release of prisoners arrested during civil disobedience movement.
  
• Removal of salt tax.
  

Wherever the Commission went it was greeted with hartals and black flag demonstrations under the slogan 'Simon Go Back'.