Tag: ear : the organ of hearing and equilibrium

Questions Related to ear : the organ of hearing and equilibrium

Sensation of hearing is produced as a result of the

biology sensory organs of humans - sense organs ear : the organ of hearing and equilibrium ear and its function ear

  1. Presence of the helicotrema

  2. Vibrations set in the external auditory meatus

  3. Vibrations of the ear ossicles

  4. Nerve impulses generated by the hair cells of the organ of Corti

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Within the bony labyrinth, is the membranous labyrinth; filled with the fluid called as endolymph. The membranous labyrinth within the cochlea contains the organ of Corti containing the inner and outer hair cells, that generate the nerve impulses required for hearing. Nerve impulses generated in the inner ear travel along the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) to the brain.

Which organ in our body acts as dual receptor?

biology sensory organs of humans - sense organs ear : the organ of hearing and equilibrium ear and its function ear

  1. Nose

  2. Ear

  3. Tongue

  4. Eye

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Ear acts as the dual receptor in the following ways:

  1. the cochlea contains the organs of Corti which receive the mechanical sound waves and converts them into hearing impulse. 
  2. the vestibular apparatus contains the semicircular canals that sense the dynamic balance position and the utricle and saccule sense the static balance of the body.
A. Nose is an olfactory (smell) receptor.
B. Ear is both sound and balance receptor.
C. Tongue has taste receptors.
D. Eye has photoreceptors.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Ear'

Which structure helps a person to maintain equilibrium? 

biology sensory organs of humans - sense organs ear : the organ of hearing and equilibrium ear and its function ear

  1. Cochlea

  2. Eustachian tube

  3. Semicircular canals

  4. Hammer like bone

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The semicircular canals are three canals used to provide information to the brain on directional balance. Each canal is lined with cilia and filled with fluid, called as endolymph. As the head and body move, the fluid moves and pushes the cilia back and forth to create a motion sensor. The three main parts of the semicircular canals are the horizontal, posterior and superior. The superior is responsible for head rotation, the posterior canal detects movement and rotation on the sagittal plane, and the horizontal senses on a vertical basis.

The internal ear of rabbit originates from 

biology sensory organs of humans - sense organs ear : the organ of hearing and equilibrium ear and its function ear

  1. Ectoderm

  2. Endoderm

  3. Mesoderm

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The first part of the ear to develop is the inner ear. Its appearance occurs around the 22$^{nd}$ day of the embryo's development, originating from the ectoderm germinative layer.

Which one of the following is correct?

biology sensory organs of humans - sense organs ear : the organ of hearing and equilibrium ear and its function ear

  1. Semicircular canal- Balancing

  2. Cochlea- Hearing

  3. Utriculus and sacculus- Balancing

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Semicircular canals are three tiny fluid-filled tube in our inner ear that helps to keep our balance.
  • Cochlea transforms the sound or vibration of cochlear liquid into neural signals.
  • Utriculus and Sacculus are part of balancing apparatus of ear located within the vestibule of the bony labyrinth which respond to change in the position of the head with respect to gravity (linear acceleration).

Body balance during dynamic condition is initiated by which structure?

biology sensory organs of humans - sense organs ear : the organ of hearing and equilibrium ear and its function ear

  1. Otoconia

  2. Cupula

  3. Stereocilia of crista

  4. Kinocilium of maculae

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The cupula is a structure in the vestibular system, providing the sense of spatial orientation. The cupula is located within the ampullae of each of the three semicircular canals. Part of the crista ampullaris, the cupula has embedded hair cells that have several stereocilia associated with each kinocilium. The cupula itself is the gelatinous component of the crista ampullaris that extends from the crista to the roof of the ampullae. When the head rotates, the endolymph filling the semicircular ducts initially lags behind due to inertia. As a result, the cupula is deflected opposite the direction of head movement. As the endolymph pushes the cupula, the stereocilia are bent as well, stimulating the hair cells within the crista ampullaris. After a short time of continual rotation, however, the endolymphs acceleration normalizes with the rate of rotation of the semicircular ducts. As a result, the cupula returns to its resting position and the hair cells cease to be stimulated. This continues until the head stops rotating which simultaneously halts semicircular duct rotation.

Cochlea of mammalian internal ear is concerned with 

biology sensory organs of humans - sense organs ear : the organ of hearing and equilibrium ear and its function ear

  1. Balance of body posture

  2. Both balance and hearing

  3. Hearing

  4. Perception of atmospheric pressure

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The inner ear consists of two systems of canals which are namely cochlea and vestibular apparatus. Vestibular apparatus consists of three semicircular canals, cristae and two sacs called as saccule and utricle. It houses the system for equilibrium and serves as a source of essential inputs for maintenance of posture and balance. Mechanoreceptors in semicircular canal detect the rotational movement of the head (rotational equilibrium) while those of utricle and saccule detect the horizontal or vertical movement of the head (gravitational equilibrium). Thus, the disturbance in posture and balance of the body is felt by mechanoreceptors present in vestibular apparatus of the inner ear as well as by proprioceptors. The cochlea is the spiral hollow structure containing three fluid-filled canals. Organ of Corti is located in middle cochlear canal and has hair cells (mechanoreceptors) on its basilar membrane. Thus, cochlea houses sensory system for hearing only and is not associated with balancing. Eustachian tube of middle ear serves as pressure valve by allowing the air into or out of the middle ear to equalize the internal and external pressure on the eardrum. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Which structure helps a person to maintain his equilibrium?

biology sensory organs of humans - sense organs ear : the organ of hearing and equilibrium ear and its function ear

  1. Cochlea

  2. Hammer

  3. Semicircular canals

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A semicircular canal or a semicircular duct is one of three semicircular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear. The three canals are the horizontal semicircular canal (also known as the lateral semicircular canal),     superior semicircular canal (also known as the anterior semicircular canal)     and the posterior semicircular canal (also known as the inferior semicircular canal).
It helps in regulating body balance. Endolymph, which is present in the ear plays a major role in regulating body balance.

Deformation of sensory dendrites is required to establish a nerve impulse in all of the following except

biology sensory organs of humans - sense organs ear : the organ of hearing and equilibrium ear and its function ear

  1. gustatory hair cells

  2. organ of Corn

  3. Pacinian corpuscles

  4. lateral line organs

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The sensory nervous system and the motor nervous system are a part of the nervous system responsible for the processing of sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory neurons, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception.

So, the correct option is 'gustatory hair cells'.

Following is a list of the events (in a random order) that lead to the formation of an auditory impulse.
(i) Vibration is transferred from the malleus to the incus to the stapes.
(ii) Basilar membrane moves up and down.
(iii) Nerve impulse is transmitted in cochlear nerve to auditory cortex of brain for impulse analysis and recognitions.
(iv) Sound waves pass through ear canal.
(v) Stereocilia of hair cells of organ of Corti rub against tectorial membrane.
(vi) Sound waves cause ear drum to vibrate.
(vii) Nerve impulse is generated.
(viii) Vibrations move from fluid of vestibular canal to the fluid of tympanic canal.
(viii) Vibrations move from fluid of vestibular canal to the fluid of tympanic canal.
(ix) Membrane at oval window vibrates.
Which of the following options represents these events in a correct order?

biology sensory organs of humans - sense organs ear : the organ of hearing and equilibrium ear and its function ear

  1. (iv), (vi), (i), (ix), (viii), (ii), (v), (vii), (iii)

  2. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

  3. (ix), (viii), (vii), (vi), (v), (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)

  4. (iv), (vi), (i), (viii), (ix), (ii), (v), (vii), (iii)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The ear not only detects sound but also notes its direction, judges its loudness and determines is pitch.Auditory impulse form through different steps:

1. Sound waves are collected by the pinna and directed inward through external auditory canal.
2. Here they strike the tympanic membrane. The latter begins to vibrate at the same frequency as that of the sound waves.
3. From tympanic membrane, the vibration transmitted across the tympanic cavity by the ear ossicles.The outer ossicles called malleus, inner called stapes, middle ossicles called incus.
4. Stapes is fit into oval window which vibrates. The ear ossicles transmit the vibrations from tympanic membrane to the internal ear and also amplify them 20 times.
5.  Increase in force is important because the sound waves are transmitted from air to a fluid medium.
6. From here, the vibrations are transferred to the basilar membrane and the perilymph in the scala tympani, and are finally dissipated into the air of the middle ear as vibrations of the round window membrane.
7. Vibrations of the floor make the "sensory hair" of receptor cells in the organ of corti move in the overlying gelatinous membrane, and get distorted.
8. This stimulation causes  depolarisation of the receptor cells and initiation of receptor( action) potential in the fibres of the auditory nerve.
9. The latter carries the impulses to the cerebral cortex, which interprets the impulses as sound.
So, the correct answer is '(iv), (vi),(i), (ix), (viii), (ii), (v), (vii), (iii)'.