Tag: excretory system in human

The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is a specialized region formed by cellular modifications in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) where it contacts the afferent arteriole, specifically involving macula densa cells, along with juxtaglomerular cells in the afferent arteriole. Therefore, statements A, B, and C all correctly describe components or locations associated with the formation of the JGA.

Blood containing carbon dioxide flows from veins throughout the body to the heart, and then the heart pumps it to the lungs. Small air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs remove the carbon dioxide from the blood and release it into the lungs where it is exhaled. 

Urine is made in kidney from the kidney the ureter transports urine into the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder is a muscular sac. When it is empty, it is about the size and shape of a pear. The bladder stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and can be controlled. Urge for urination starts as bladder comes to have urine 400-450 ml. In response, the stretch receptors on the walls of the bladder send signals to the CNS. The CNS passes on motor messages to initiate the contraction of smooth muscles of the bladder and simultaneous relaxation of the urethral sphincter causing the release of urine.

The process of filtering the blood by the artificial kidney is known as dialysis. It is a method of removing excess water, nitrogenous wastes (urea), toxins from the blood in the patient who is rapidly developing loss of kidney function. It is also called renal replacement therapy. Hence dialysis is used as artificial kidney in kidney failure patients.

The kidneys are a pair of organs found along the posterior muscular wall of the abdominal cavity. They are attached to the dorsal body wall at the level of 12th thoracic to the 3rd lumbar vertebra in the abdominal cavity. Thus option B is the correct answer. 

• The process of expelling waste from the organism is called excretion. Ammonia, urea and uric acid are the major forms of nitrogenous wastes excreted by the animals. Ammonia is the most toxic form and requires a large amount of water for its elimination, whereas uric acid, being the least toxic, can be removed with a minimum loss of water.
  
• The human excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'Excretion'.
  

One of the major organs of the excretory system are the kidneys. It's other major organ's are the urethra, sweat glands, lungs, and rectum. Gills in fish are part of the excretory system. The kidneys are very complex organs that play very important roles such as liquid waste is produced by the kidneys and stored in the muscular bladder. As blood flows through the capillaries, substances move from the blood through the capillary walls into the tubes. The urethra is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra functions to both male and female bodies. It also functions as a passage for semen. There are two different types of sweat glands, the apocrine sweat glands, and the merocrine sweat glands. Both sweat glands contain muscle cells. Humans have two lungs, the left lung being divided into two lobes and the right with three. Lungs are what make you breathe and they also absorb water vapors. The rectum is about eight inches long and serves basically as storage for poop. 

The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals, including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species. It is within the uterus that the fetus develops during gestation, usually developing completely in placental mammals such as humans and partially in marsupials such as kangaroos and opossums. Two uteri usually form initially in a female and usually male fetus, and in placental mammals, they may partially or completely fuse into a single uterus depending on the species. In many species with two uteri, only one is functional. Ureter, urethra, and urinary bladder are parts of the excretory system.

Nitrogenous waste products are generated during the breakdown of proteins by the cells as they catabolize amino acids to obtain energy. During the process of deamination, enzymes remove the amino group as ammonia which is highly toxic even in small quantities. In humans, this is combined with carbon dioxide to give urea and uric acid, which is thrown out by the function of the kidneys in the form of urine.