Tag: internal challenges faced by india

After the Independence of India, Nagaland wanted to separate itself from India as an Independent State. 99 percent of people of Nagaland voted in the favour of Referendum. The Naga Insurgency emerged in 1956 was an armed ethnic conflict led by Naga National Council between Nagas and the governments of India and Myanmar.

• Communalism refers to a government or system where communes act as independent states. The nation that the states form is a federation of those states.
  
• Communal often refers to groups or people that focus on the benefits of their community, rather than society as a whole. Communes, for instance, will often provide food and resources only to those people who are part of the group. On the other hand, a democracy provides support and resources to all people.
  
• Even in today's society, communes still exist. While they are difficult to come by compared to in the past, they are appealing because people feel like they make a bigger impact on the community.
  

The Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, launched the National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) scheme on 21st January 2015, with a focus on holistic development of heritage cities. The scheme aims to preserve and revitalise soul of the heritage city to reflect the city's unique character by encouraging aesthetically appealing, accessible, informative & secured environment.

Urban Transport Wing of Ministry of Urban Development is the nodal division for coordination, appraisal and approval of Urban Transport matters including Metro Rail Projects at the central level. All the interventions in the urban transport by the Ministry of Urban Development such as Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS), urban transit infrastructure or financing of metro rail projects etc, are carried out as per the provisions of National Urban Transport Policy, 2006. It also deals in proposals that encourage innovative financing mechanisms in the transport sector and organizes annual conference and exhibition on urban transport for knowledge sharing amongst experts and stakeholders.

The Smart City Mission is an innovative and new initiative by the Government of India to drive economic growth and improve the quality of life of people by enabling local development and harnessing technology as a means to create smart outcomes for citizens. In the approach to the Smart Cities Mission, the objective is to promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of 'Smart' Solutions. The focus is on the sustainable and inclusive development and the idea is to look at compact areas, create a replicable model which will act like a lighthouse to other aspiring cities.

Of the 121 crore Indians, 83.3 crores live in rural areas while 37.7 crore stays in urban areas, as per the Census of 2011.The level of urbanization increased from 28 percent in the 2001 Census to 31 percent in the 2011 Census, while the proportion of rural population declined from 72 percent to 69 percent. Much of urban migration is driven by rural populations' desire for the advantages that urban areas offer. Urban advantages include greater opportunities to receive education, health care, and services such as entertainment.

The Government of India has launched the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) with the aim of providing basic civic amenities like water supply, sewerage, urban transport, parks as to improve the quality of life for all especially the poor and the disadvantaged. The focus of the Mission is on infrastructure creation that has a direct link to the provision of better services to the citizens. The Mission covers 500 cities that include all cities and towns with a population of over one lakh with notified Municipalities.

Article 30 of the Constitution recognizes minorities on the basis of religion or language. Article 30 mandates that all minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.

This happens when beliefs of one religion are presented as superior to those of other religions, when the demands of one religious group are formed in opposition to another and when state power is used to establish domination of one religious group over the rest. This manner of using religion in politics is communal politics. 

C. Natesa Mudaliar (1875–1937), also known as Natesan, was a politician and activist of the Dravidian Movement from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The Madras Dravidian Association conducted a hostel called "Dravidian Home" for the benefit of Non-Brahmin students. Natesan was the caretaker of this hostel.