Tag: the earth and its living world

The lithosphere is referred to the solid part of the Earth. This is the part which includes the crust and the upper mantle. There are two types of the lithosphere. The oceanic lithosphere is the part which is comprised of the oceans. The continental lithosphere is the part which is comprised of the continental crust. The continental part comprises of a more thick layer.

The thermosphere is located above the mesosphere. Because it has very low air density and lacks significant water vapor, it is essentially cloudless.

The atmosphere of Earth is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by Earth's gravity. The troposphere is the lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere. It contains approximately 80% of the atmosphere's mass. 

An envelope of gas that surrounds earth is called atmosphere. It contains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.03% carbon dioxide, 0.9% argon and traces of other gases like helium, little amount of water vapour, dust particles and other solid particles. So, the correct option is D. 

Meteors enter the Earth's atmosphere at high speeds and encounter enough friction in the mesosphere to heat up and burn, creating the phenomenon known as shooting stars.

The hydrosphere, specifically the world's oceans, plays a critical role in regulating Earth's temperature by absorbing and distributing solar heat through ocean currents and evaporation.

Pedogenesis is the process of soil formation. Since soil is a component of the Earth's crust, this process occurs within the lithosphere.

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere where almost all weather phenomena, including thunderstorms, rain, and clouds, occur due to the presence of water vapor and convection.

Scientific consensus suggests that life on Earth originated in the oceans (hydrosphere), where early chemical reactions in a 'primordial soup' led to the development of the first simple organisms.

Approximately 97.5% of Earth's water is saline (oceans), while only about 2.5% is freshwater, much of which is locked in glaciers and ice caps.