Tag: genetically engineered insulin

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Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Identify the wrong statement with reference to the structure of human insulin :

  1. Insulin is synthesised as a pre-hormone which contains an extra stretch called C-peptide

  2. A and B chains are combined by disulphide bonds to form humulin

  3. Human insulin is made up of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains

  4. In these, chain A is made up of 30 amino acids and chain B is made up of 21 amino acids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Human insulin consists of 51 amino acids, but the distribution is 21 amino acids in chain A and 30 amino acids in chain B. The option stating 30 in A and 21 in B is incorrect.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

What is the advantage of clinical use of humulin over use of conventional ox or pig insulin __________________.

  1. It does not cause immunological problems

  2. It is cheaper for the patient

  3. It is produced by E. coli in our intestine

  4. There is no advantage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Conventional insulin derived from animals often caused allergic reactions in patients due to slight differences in protein structure. Humulin, being identical to human insulin, avoids these immunological complications.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Find out the wrong statement :

  1. Human protein used to treat emphysema is $\alpha$-1-antitrypsin.

  2. Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

  3. Rosie, the first transgenic cow produced human protein enriched milk.

  4. Cry Ab endotoxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis is effective against corn borers.

  5. Genetically modified bacterium used as biopesticide is Bacillus thuringiensis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Human insulin is produced using genetically modified E. coli, not Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Agrobacterium is primarily used for plant genetic engineering.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Which of the following companies started selling $Humulin$  in the year 1983?

  1. Ell Lilly

  2. Genetech

  3. GEAC

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company, first prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of Escherichia coil to produce insulin and chains. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin (humulin).

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Which of the following statements regarding the structure of proinsulin and mature insulin are not correct?
(i) Proinsulin is made up of three polypeptide chains A, B, and C.
(ii) C-polypeptide chain with 33 amino acids is removed prior to insulin formation.
(iii) Mature insulin is made up of 51 amino acids and arranged in two polypeptide chains-A and B.
(iv) Polypeptide chain A has 30 amino acids and polypeptide chain B has 21 amino acids.
(v) Polypeptide chains A and B are interconnected by only one S-S linkage.

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (iii) and (iv)

  3. (iv) and (v)

  4. (iii), (iv) and (v)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Human insulin is made up of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains: A, having 21 amino acids and B, with 30 amino acids. The two polypeptide chains are interconnected by two disulphide bridges. The two polypeptide chains are interconnected by two disulphide briges. The hormone develops from a storage product called pronsulin. Proinsulin has three chains: A, B and C, C-chain with 33 amino acids is removed prior to insulin formation.
So, the correct answer is '(iv) and (v)'.
Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Insulin is a/an.

  1. Polysaccharide

  2. Protein

  3. Amino acid derivative

  4. Lipid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin is a large popylpeptide hormone and is insoluble in lipids, therefore, it cannot enter the target cell. It acts at the cell surface. It operates through extracellular membrane bound receptor, a heterotetrameric protein (extrinsic protein) on the target cell.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of 

  1. Mycobacterium

  2. Rhizobium

  3. Saccharomyces

  4. Escherichia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company, first prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of Escherichia coil to produce insulin and chains. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin (humulin).

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

__________ is a globular protein of $\sim 6\, kDa$ consisting of $51$ amino acids, arranged in $2$ polypeptide chains held together by disulphide bridge.

  1. Insulin

  2. Keratin

  3. Glucagon

  4. Fibrinogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Insulin is composed of two peptide chains referred to as the A chain and B chain. A and B chains are linked together by two disulfide bonds, and an additional disulfide is formed within the A chain. In most species, the A chain consists of 21 amino acids and the B chain of 30 amino acids.

Although the amino acid sequence of insulin varies among species, certain segments of the molecule are highly conserved, including the positions of the three disulfide bonds, both ends of the A chain and the C-terminal residues of the B chain. These similarities in the amino acid sequence of insulin lead to a three dimensional conformation of insulin that is very similar among species, and insulin from one animal is very likely biologically active in other species. Indeed, pig insulin has been widely used to treat human patients.

So the correct option is 'Insulin'.
Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Pick up correct matching set of scientists in field of biotechnology.

   List I    List II
 A  Cohen  1  Structure of insulin
 B  Sharpey-Schafer  2  Biofuel cells
 C  F. Sanger  3  Established bacterial gene banks
 D  V. B. D. Skermman  4  Totipotency in plants
     5  Coined insulin

  1. A- 2, B- 5, C- 1, D- 3

  2. A- 3, B- 5, C- 1, D- 4

  3. A- 3, B- 5, C- 1, D- 2

  4. A- 2, B- 1, C- 5, D- 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A biofuel uses living organisms to produce electricity. Biofuel cell is the cell that uses the enzymatic reaction to produce electricity. It was given by the Cohen in 1931.
Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer was an English physiologist.
He is regarded as a founder of endocrinology. Schafer coined the word "insulin" after theorising that a single substance from the pancreas was responsible for diabetes mellitus.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958 was awarded to Frederick Sanger "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin".
V.B.D. Skermman established bacterial gene banks.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

One important achievement of genetic engineering has been the production of

  1. Interferon

  2. Human insulin

  3. Cephalosporin

  4. Vinoblastine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic engineering, also called as genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology. Human insulin is the name which describes synthetic insulin which is laboratory grown to mimic the insulin in humans. Human insulin is laboratory created by growing insulin proteins within E. coli bacteria (Escherichia coli). In the production of human insulin by bacteria, the human insulin gene is incorporated into the genetic material of these microorganisms. The mutant bacteria multiply forming lineages of insulin-producing bacteria.