Tag: drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption

• Addiction is a psychological and physical inability to stop consuming a chemical, drug, activity, or substance.
• When a person has an addiction, and they stop taking the substance or engaging in the behaviour, they may experience symptoms. These symptoms include anxiety, irritability, tremors and shaking, nausea and vomiting, fatigue and a loss of appetite. 
• Hence, Withdrawal symptoms of drug addiction are Unpleasant symptoms shown due to non-availability of addicted drugs. 
• So, the correct answer is 'Unpleasant symptoms shown due to non-availability of addicted drugs'.

Sometimes, an addict can get a sample of heroin, which is adulterated with a dangerous poison, strychnine. Its injection is known as 'hot shot', which can cause quick death. 'hot shot' can also occur, when an addict, used to injecting heroin 3-5% purity, gets a purer blend of the  drug.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Injection'.

Excessive alcohol consumption causes chronic inflammation of the pancreas i.e. pancreatitis, which impairs its ability to secrete insulin. Insulin is a hormone necessary for maintaining the normal concentration of glucose in the blood. It promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen i.e. glycogenesis for storage in liver and muscle cells. Deficiency of insulin raises the blood sugar glucose and may lead to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Thus the correct answer is option B.

An average cup of tea contains approximately 20 - 30 mg of caffeine.

Habituation is becoming accustomed to any behaviors or condition, including psychoactive substance use. It is a desire but not a compulsion to continue taking the drug for the sense of improved well-being it engenders. This habituation is the initial stage of drug addiction,
Thus, the correct answer is option (B), 'Habituation'.

Cardiomyopathy is a disease of abnormal heart muscle. The heart becomes enlarged ann it is harder for the heart to pump and deliver blood to the rest of the body. The excessive consumption of alcohol is one of the causes of cardiomyopathy.
So, the correct answer is option C.

The consumption of methanol causes 'Toxic Optic Neuropathy' (TON). It is caused when the optic nerve is damaged by toxin which leads to visual impairment. This condition often presents as a painless, progressive, bilateral, symmetrical visual decline with variable optic nerve head damage. So, the correct answer is option C.

Laenec syndrome is Laennec cirrhosis which is a disease of the liver in which the normal lobular architecture is lost.
Fatty liver syndrome is a reversible condition wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells via the process of steatosis.
Cirrhosis is a stage of scarring/fibrosis of the liver caused by many liver diseases.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D), 'All of the above'.

Nicotine is the primary addictive agent in cigarettes, chewing tobacco, cigars. Tobacco leads to nicotine dependence.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B), 'Nicotine.