Tag: deforestation and its effect

Trees in general are known as 'lungs of Earth' because they absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide and release large amounts of oxygen due to photosynthesis. This helps maintain a balance between the proportion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as the oxygen released by the plants during photosynthesis is utilized by various organisms including plants for respiration.

Destruction of forest cover is called as deforestation. An important anti-forest measure is clearing forest. Important reasons for deforestation are a land requirement for cultivation, hydroelectric projects, human settlements, the requirement of wood and timber, mining and quarrying etc.

cutting down trees reverses the effects of carbon sequestration and releases greenhouse gases (including carbon dioxide) into the atmosphere. Deforestation changes the landscape and reflectivity of earth's surface, i.e. decreasing albedo.

Deforestation is driven by both natural events like forest fires and human-driven activities. Both factors contribute to the reduction of forest cover.

Deforestation leads to habitat loss (biodiversity decline), increased greenhouse gases (global warming), and reduced air filtration (increased pollutants). All these are well-documented impacts.

Deforestation causes soil degradation, alters local and global climates, and destroys habitats for flora and fauna. All these are significant environmental disasters resulting from forest loss.

Microorganisms in the forest floor decompose dead plant and animal matter to form humus, which is a nutrient-rich organic component of soil.

Deforestation leads to the loss of organic matter (humus) and changes in nutrient cycling, which directly affect soil fertility and the chemical balance (pH) of the soil.

• Plants provide shelter for animals and they make oxygen for the animals to live. When animals die they decompose and become natural fertilizer plants. Plants depend on animals for nutrients, pollination and seed dispersal. 
• Hence Plants and animals in the forest are dependent on one another.
• Hence the given statement Plants and animals in the forest are not dependent on one another is a wrong statement.
• So, the correct answer is 'Option D'.

When forests in the catchment area are removed, soil erosion increases significantly. This eroded soil is washed into rivers and dams, leading to the accumulation of sediment, known as silting.