Tag: morphology of leaf

Stoma (plural stomata) is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs that is used to control gas exchange. The pore is bordered by a pair of specialized parenchyma cells known as guard cells that are responsible for regulating the size of the opening.
Dicotyledons usually have more stomata on the lower epidermis than the upper epidermis. Monocotyledons, on the other hand, usually have the same number of stomata on the two epidermis.
In plants with floating leaves, stomata may be found only on the upper epidermis and submerged leaves may lack stomata entirely.
Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Potato, banana, ginger grow from the axillary buds of nodes. Axiallary bud develops from the axillary part of leaf.  These buds can expand to form shoots which grow on to make a whole plant or fruits.

A leaf which possesses stomata exclusively its upper side is called as lotus type. Aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments. They are also referred to as hydrophytes or macrophytes. These plants require special adaptations for living submerged in water or at the water's surface. The most common adaptation is aerenchyma, but floating leaves and finely dissected leaves are also common.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

There are different types of stipules present in plants such as lateral, ventral, scaly, intrapetiolar, interpetiolar, ochreate, spinous, tendrillar. In ochreate, the stipules are in the form of a tubular sheath around the internode. These are seen in leafy vegetables like Rumex and Polygonum. Foliaceous stipules occur in Lathyrus aphaca. Tendrillar stipules occur in Smilax. Thus, the correct answer is 'Rumex.

In peltate leaf, the leaf blades are deeply lobed. In this, the petiole is attached to the middle of the adaxial side of the leaf. Examples of leaves having peltate leaf blade include Nelumbium, Victoria, Tropaeolum. In this, the petiole is attached to the surface of lamina. Thus, the correct answer is 'Peltate.'

A swollen leaf base is called as Pulvinus. This type of leaves are seen in Fabaceae family. The swelling results due to change in the turgor pressure. Night closure movement of legume leaves shows this pulvinar movement. The pulvinus protects the young axillary bud.

Pulvinus is a swollen leaf base. Pulvinate leaf base is found in leguminous plants. It is seen in mango leaves. It is seen in Fabaceae family. Example includes Trifolium pratense.

Compound leaves are of two types, namely pinnately compound leaves and palmately compound leaves. In palmately compound leaf, the leaflets are arranged at the tip of the petiole. It is further divided into 5 types depending upon the number of leaflets present at the tip of the petiole. In unifoliate, there is only one terminal leaflet is attached at the top of petiole. Example includes Citrus. In bifoliate, two leaflets are attached side by side at the terminal end of petiole. Example includes Balanites roxburghii. In trifoliate, three terminal leaflets are attached at the terminal end of petiole. Example includes Aegle marmelos. In quadrifoliate, four leaflets are attached to the tip of petiole. Example includes Paris quadrifolia. In multifoliate, five or more leaflets are present at the tip of petiole in the form of fingers of the palm. Example includes Bombax malabarica.

A ligule is a variously modified extension of the sheath lying at the base of the blade. While this vegetative part of the leaf blade of the family of grasses, is often a vertical membrane present as an outgrowth at the inner junction of the leaf sheath and blade, in heterosporus lycophytes, this is one of the enigmatic structures. The term which means a little tongue is an appendage that is found at the adaxial side of the leaves. Found in mostly Selaginellales and Isoeteles, the mature ligule shows four regions, sheath, glossopodium, main body and apex. The sheath is the base of the ligule which is composed of long tube shaped cells. The glossopodium is found just above the sheath as vaculoted cells.
Therefore, the correct option is A.