Tag: digestive disorders

Vitamins are accessory food factors, which are required in small quantity for controlling metabolism and body functioning. Vitamins are of two types- fat soluble (A, D, E, K) and water soluble (B and C). Vitamins like minerals are not digested but directly absorbed from ingested food. They play role in metabolism and growth.

Deficiency diseases are diseases which are caused due to deficiency of a critical nutrient in diet. The nutrient cannot be synthesized in body and must be present in diet. Scurvy, Rickets and Beriberi are some of the common deficiency diseases in man. Scurvy is caused due to deficiency of vitamin C. The common symptoms are bleeding gums, loose teeth, anaemia, painful and swollen joints, delayed healing of wound, and emaciation. Beriberi is caused due to deficiency of vitamin B$ _{1}$. Its symptoms are loss of appetite. Fatigue, muscle atrophy paralysis, mental confusion, cardiac oedema. Rickets is caused due to deficiency of vitamin D and minerals like phosphorous and calcium in children. Its symptoms are defective mineralization or calcification of bones potentially leading to fractures and deformity.

• A vitamin is an organic molecule that is an essential micronutrient that an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism. 
• Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized in the organism, either at all or not in sufficient quantities, and therefore must be obtained through the diet.
• Best food sources of vitamin B:     Whole grains (brown rice, barley, millet)

• Sprouting is the natural germination process by which seeds or spores put out shoots, plants produce new leaves or buds, or other newly developing parts experience further growth. Hence, A good source of vitamins of B groups is Germinated seeds.

In the large intestine, water is absorbed into the blood as the waste materials move through the colon. The symbiotic bacteria such as E. coli and Streptococcus faecalis, normally residing in the healthy human colon, feed on protein contents of chyle breaking them into amino acids which are absorbed into the blood. The colon bacteria also synthesize vitamins B1, B2, biotin, folic acid and K which are absorbed. They also convert bile pigments into brown pigments which give colour to faeces. 

• A vitamin is an organic molecule that is an essential micronutrient that an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism.
• Fat-soluble vitamins(A, D and K) are stored in different organs of the body and especially in the liver.
• Vitamin A, VitaminK and Vitamin E are stored in the liver because they are fat soluble vitamins.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'All the above'.

Nicotinamide or Niacin is also known as anti pellagra vitamin. It is a component of NADP, NADP+ and is important for energy transfer reactions. Yeast, pulses, green vegetables, cereals, milk, egg yolk, liver, milk, fish, meat are rich sources of niacin. Crypts of lieberkuhn occur throughout small intestine and produce intestinal juice or succus entericus. Steapsin is pancreatic lipase and acts on fats and converts fats into fatty acids, glycerol, mono and diglycerides.

Vitamins are important nutrient supplements required in small amounts. They usually serve as coenzymes in metabolic reactions. Vitamin B$ _{1}$ is also called as Thiamine and its coenzyme form is thiamine pyrophosphate. Vitamin B$ _{5}$ is pantothenate. It is an important component of coenzyme A. Vitamin B$ _{3}$ or Niacin is important for synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or NAD and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate or NADP. Vitamin A is also called retinol. It is essential for vision. Vitamin E is also called tocopherol. It is an important for fertility factor.

Vitamins are important nutritional supplements for body. They are required for normal body metabolism. Vitamins can be grouped into two categories- fat soluble (vitamins A, D, E and K) and water soluble vitamins (vitamin B complex and vitamin C). The fat soluble vitamins can be stored in body fat but water soluble vitamins cannot be stored in body.

Vitamins do not help to increase the amount of calories or energy required for the human body. Instead vitamins which are used in small quantities helps human beings to stay healthy. While the daily requirements of vitamins may differ from individual to individual, the necessary amounts can be met through intake of healthy food.

Vitamin A - carotene, the precursor of Vitamin A is found in most orange and green vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach and other leafy green vegetables. It has been shown in research that -carotene protect the lungs against toxins that are linked to lung cancer. Another study found that ex-smokers who ate green and yellow vegetables high in beta carotene daily decreased their risk of stomach and lung cancer.
Vitamin ${B _{17}}$ - The anti-tumour agent Vitamin ${B _{17}}$ (commonly known as Amygdalin or Laetrile) therapy is one of the most popular and best known alternative cancer treatments. It is very simple to use and is very effective when used in high enough doses with product of high quality combined with an effective cancer diet and key supplements. Laetrile works by targeting and killing cancer cells and building the immune system to fend off future outbreaks of cancer. The greatest concentration is found in the seeds of the rosaceous fruits, such as the apricot pits and other bitter nuts.
Vitamin C - Vitamin C has shown great promise in the fight against cancer, both in prevention and disease-management. Some properties of the vitamin C may make it toxic to cancer cells. Vitamin C is an antioxidant,it also enhance the immune system by stimulating the activities of natural killer cells (a type of white blood cell) and anti-cancer agents. Vitamin C is also said to prevent tumors from spreading, help the body heal after cancer surgery, enhance the effects of certain anti-cancer drugs, and reduce the toxic effects of other drugs used in chemotherapy. It also boost the effectiveness of other cancer treatments. Vitamin C is found in many vegetables and fruits, especially oranges, grape fruits, and peppers.