Tag: strategies to control environmental pollution and green chemistry

Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide gases are emitted during the combustion of various fuels. Carbon monoxide is poisonous, whereas carbon-dioxide is non-toxic in nature. Carbon monoxide is poisonous because it is capable of forming a complex with hemoglobin (carboxyhaemoglobin), which is more stable than the oxygen-haemoglobin complex. The concentration range of 3–4% of  carboxyhaemoglobin decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. This results in headaches, weak eyesight, nervousness, and cardiovascular disorders. A more increased concentration may even lead to death.

Carbon monoxide when binds to hemoglobin forms a stable compound - carboxyhaemoglobin. Since, oxygen of carbon monoxide binds more readily to hemoglobin than do Oxygen of carbon dioxide, therefore carbon monoxide prevents carbon dioxide from binding to Hb, which means diffusion or exchange of gases won't take place at alveolar site. So, carbon monoxide is more harmful because it prevents oxygen from entering the body.

In situ vitrification (ISV) is a process which uses an electric current to melt soil or other earthen materials at extremely high temperatures and thereby immobilize most inorganics and destroy organic pollutants by pyrolysis. While other methods can be successfully used to dispose hazardous wastes, ISV will cause air and soil pollution.

Reducing the volume and/or hazard of the waste, long-term storage or disposal, dumping at sea are ways of managing hazardous wastes. Reducing the production of waste while increasing the amount generated is a preventive method rather than a disposal method.

Physical treatment of water includes-filtration, sedimentation, separation etc. Chemical and Biological treatment includes coagulation, flocculation, ion-exchange, absorption, also aerobic treatments and anaerobic treatments. By these treatments, all physical, chemical and biological matter that contaminates wastewater, can be removed 

Water treatment plants should be installed in all industrial areas. Laws for industrial units should be strictly implemented so that polluted water is not disposed off directly into rivers and lake.

The gas obtained by decomposing sludge is Biogas (methane and carbon dioxide). Decomposition of sludge products methane and carbon dioxide which is then stored and supplied as biogas for various household processes and other commercial processes.

The disease cause by UV rays are

Mycoremediation is a form of bioremediation, the process of using fungi to degrade or sequester contaminants in the environment. Stimulating microbial and enzyme activity, mycelium reduces toxins in-situ. Some fungi are hyperaccumulators, capable of absorbing and concentrating heavy metals in the mushroom fruit bodies.

Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity which includes any material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing process such as that of factories, industries, mills, and mining operations. It has existed since the start of the Industrial Revolution. Some examples of industrial wastes are chemical solvents, paints, sandpaper, paper products, industrial by-products, metals, and radioactive wastes.

Waste management is the precise name for the collection, transportation, disposal or recycling and monitoring of waste. This term is assigned to the material, waste material that is produced through human being activity. This material is managed to avoid its adverse effect on human health and environment.