Tag: use of microorganisms in medicine

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Questions Related to use of microorganisms in medicine

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

Plants have been a source of important compounds for human medicine. All of these compounds have been made from plant parts except

  1. Morphine

  2. Aspirin

  3. Vinblastine, to treat cancer

  4. Coumadin, an anticoagulant

  5. Penicillin, an antibiotic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Penicillin antibiotic is derived from the fungi Penicillium whereas the other compounds are derived from plant parts like morphine from opium latex, aspirin from salicylate-rich plants, vinblastine from Vinca rosea and coumadin is another name for warfarin.

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

Which among the following is not an antibiotic?

  1. Citric acid

  2. Streptomycin

  3. Cephalosporin

  4. Griseofulvin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Streptomycin is an antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections like tuberculosis, endocarditis, brucellosis, plague, rat bite fever, etc. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic.
  • Cephalosporin is a beta-lactam antibiotic. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections like respiratory tract infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections.
  • Griseofulvin is an antifungal antibiotic. It is used in the treatment of skin infections like ringworm, athlete's foot, infections of the scalp, fingernails, etc.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Citric acid.'

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

The chemicals released by bacteria, which kills other bacteria are

  1. Antibiotics

  2. Antibodies

  3. Antigens

  4. Allergens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Antibiotic is a chemical which is released by a bacteria and inhibits the growth of other bacteria. It acts by either killing bacteria or preventing their reproduction. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Antibiotics.'

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

An antibiotic, which is active against fungi is

  1. Neomycin

  2. Terramycin

  3. Polyenes

  4. Streptomycin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances produced by microorganisms. They are used in the treatment of bacterial infections. Examples of antibiotics include Neomycin, terramycin, Streptmomycin. Polyenes are antifungal antibiotics produced by bacterium Streptomyces species which are used to treat fungal infections. They act by changing the fungal cell membrane by complexing with sterols.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Polyenes.'

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

Identify a fungus with medicinal importance.

  1. Penicillium

  2. Cercospora

  3. Agaricus

  4. Saccharomyces
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Penicillin is a secondary metabolite of certain species of Penicillium and is produced when the growth of the fungus is inhibited by stress. It is not produced during active growth. Production is also limited by feedback in the synthesis pathway of penicillin.

So, the correct option is 'Penicillium'.

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

Broad spectrum antibiotics are the ones which attack

  1. Pathogens as well as hosts

  2. A wide range of pathogens

  3. Only a pathogen

  4. Only host
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Broad spectrum antibiotics are effective against a wide range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, rather than being limited to a single type or specific pathogen.

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

Mode of action of Novobiocin is

  1. Induces abnormal protein synthesis

  2. Inhibits DNA polymerisation

  3. Interferes with protein synthesis

  4. Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Novobiocin is an aminocoumarin antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the ATP-binding site of the DNA gyrase subunit B, effectively inhibiting DNA replication and supercoiling.

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

The molecular structure of penicillin antibiotic is

  1. Macrocyclic lactone

  2. Glycoside linkage in amino sugar
  3. $\beta$-lactam ring

  4. Polyaena and nonpolyaene
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Penicillin is obtained from Penicillium chrysogenum. Penicillin is a secondary metabolite of certain species of Penicillium and is produced when the growth of the fungus is inhibited by stress. Its structure contains β- lactam ring with a molecular structure of 339.4 g/mol. It was discovered by Alexander Fleming.

So, the correct answer is 'β- lactam ring'

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

Which of the following antibiotics kills bacterial cells by inhibiting the polymerisation of peptidoglycans?

  1. Aminoglycoside

  2. Fluoroquinolones

  3. Quinine

  4. Penicillin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Penicillin is a secondary metabolite of certain species of Penicillium and is produced when the growth of the fungus is inhibited by stress. It is not produced during active growth. Production is also limited by feedback in the synthesis pathway of penicillin. It was discovered by Alexander Fleming.

So, the correct option is 'Penicillin.