Tag: the world of microbes

• Mesosomes are absent in eukaryotes.
• Mesosomes refers to the folded invaginations in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes or bacterial cells.
  
• Its main function is to increase the surface area of the plasma membrane. 
• When the surface area of the membrane is increased it helps to carry out the cellular respiration more efficiently.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'Mesosome'.

Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria. It is found in the intestine of warm-blooded organisms. It has one circular chromosome. The chromosome contains double-stranded DNA. It may contain some circular plasmids as well as extrachromosomal material.

• Mitochondria are absent in bacteria and blue-green algae.
  
• A prokaryotic cell lacks membrane-bound cell organelles and nucleus whereas, a eukaryotic cell consists of membrane-bound cellular organelles and well-defined nucleus.
  
• Red algae, green algae and brown algae have eukaryotic cells (well-defined nucleus and cellular organelles).
• So, the correct answer is 'Bacteria'.

A. Amphitrichous bacteria have flagella (single or multiple) extending from both ends of the cell.

Glycocalyx is the outermost layer of the cell envelope. Cell wall lies between plasma membrane and glycocalyx.

An anaerobic organism or anaerobic bacteria is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth. It may react negatively or even die if oxygen is present. Mitochondria, Golgi body and ER are organelles of eukaryotic organisms. Since anaerobic bacteria is prokaryotic, they are absent in anaerobic bacteria.