Tag: food through digestive tract

Questions Related to food through digestive tract

Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1 : The human small intestine is the longest portion in the alimentary canal.
Statement 2 : Absorption of digested food requires a very large surface area. 

bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

  2. Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

  3. Statement 1 is incorrect but Statement 2 is correct.

  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The correct answer is (a).

We eat food, which is composed of all the nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water. After digestion, these are absorbed in the form of glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol etc. What mechanisms are involved in absorption of digested food and water?

bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. Diffusion and osmosis respectively

  2. Osmosis and diffusion respectively

  3. Reverse osmosis and facilitated diffusion respectively

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Diffusion is a process in which the molecules intermingle due to their kinetic energy and movement of molecules is from higher concentration to lower concentration. Osmosis is a process in which the water molecules move from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Digested food can pass into the blood vessels in the wall of the small intestine through the process of diffusion and water present in the ingested food is absorbed by the process of osmosis. 

Part of alimentary canal meant for reabsorption of water from chyle is

bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. Small intestine

  2. Colon

  3. Large intestine

  4. Rectum

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The small intestine is meant for the reabsorption of water. Major absorption of water takes place in the intestine and further in the large intestine.

So, the correct option is 'small intestine'.

A specialized structure in intestine that helps in absorption is

bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. Alveoli

  2. Villi

  3. Bowman's capsule

  4. Salivary glands

  5. Pyloric sphincter

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  1. The innermost layer lining the lumen of the alimentary canal is the mucosa.
  2. This layer forms irregular folds (rugae) in the stomach and small finger-like foldings called villi in the small intestine.
  3. The cells lining the villi produce numerous microscopic projections called microvilli giving a brush border appearance found on the apical surface of some epithelial cells. 
  4. These modifications increase the surface area enormously and help in secretion and absorptionHence, the specialized structure in the intestine that helps in absorption is villi.
So, the correct answer is 'villi'.

Which one of the following is not a step during digestion process?

bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. Ingestion

  2. Digestion

  3. Acid processing

  4. Absorption

  5. Elimination

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • The chemical breakdown of complex biological molecules into their component parts like lipids into fatty acids, proteins to individual amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars.
  • Digestion includes 5 phases :
  1. Ingestion.
  2. Movement.
  3.  Digestion.
  4.  Absorption. 
  5. Further digestion. Hence, the following step not involved during the digestion process is acid processing.
So, the correct answer is 'acid processing'.

Absorption is defined as

bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. elimination of solid waste from the digestive system

  2. breakdown of foods by enzymatic action

  3. passage of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood stream

  4. mechanical breakdown of fat

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • Absorption is the process by which the products of digestion are absorbed by the blood to be supplied to the rest of the body. 
  • During absorption, the digested products are transported into the blood or lymph through the mucous membrane. Hence, Absorption is defined as the passage of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream.
So, the correct answer is 'passage of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream'.

Most of the absorption of the products of digestion takes place in humans across the

bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. smooth wall of the large intestine

  2. fingerlike villi of the small intestine

  3. convoluted walls of the stomach

  4. squamous epithelium of the oesophagus

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • The innermost layer lining the lumen of the alimentary canal is the mucosa. This layer forms irregular folds (rugae) in the stomach and small finger-like foldings called villi in the small intestine. 
  • The cells lining the villi produce numerous microscopic projections called microvilli giving a brush border appearance. These modifications increase the surface area enormously. 
  • Villi are supplied with a network of capillaries and a large lymph vessel called the lacteal. Hence, Most of the absorption of the products of digestion takes place in humans across the fingerlike villi of the small intestine
So, the correct answer is 'fingerlike villi of the small intestine'.