Tag: heredity: from parents to offsprings

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Questions Related to heredity: from parents to offsprings

Multiple choice botany heredity: from parents to offsprings experiments of mendel mendel's law of inheritance works of mendel

Which one of the following is not one of Mendel's laws?

  1. Law of dominance

  2. Law of segregation

  3. Law of incomplete dominance

  4. Law of independent assortment
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Laws of Mendel:
  • Mendel's Law of Dominance states that recessive alleles will always be masked by dominant alleles. Therefore, a cross between a homozygous dominant and a homozygous recessive will always express the dominant phenotype, while still having a heterozygous genotype.
  • The law of segregation states that during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent.
  • The Principle of Independent Assortment describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop. Independent assortment of genes and their corresponding traits was first observed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 during his studies of genetics in pea plants.
Multiple choice botany heredity: from parents to offsprings experiments of mendel mendel's law of inheritance works of mendel

If a plant is heterozygous for tallness, the ${F _2}$ generation has both tall and dwarf plants. This proves the principle of

  1. Dominance

  2. Segregation

  3. Independent assortment

  4. Incomplete dominance
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • According to the law of dominance, a trait is represented by two contrasting factors of a gene in a heterozygous individual; only dominant trait is expressed, irrespective of the presence of both factors, in a heterozygous individual.
  •  It does not tell about the reappearance of the missing trait in $F _2$ generation. The law of segregation states that the two factors for a trait, present together in a heterozygous individual, do not get mixed and are separated during gametogenesis. 
  • Thus each gamete receives one allele for a trait and two types of gametes are formed; 50% gametes carry factor for dominance and 50% carry the recessive factor. Random fusion of these gametes leads to the presence of both recessive and dominant individuals in $F _2$ generation. 
  • Law of independent assortment tells about segregation and distribution of factors governing two different traits; not about segregation of factors of one trait. Incomplete dominance is the condition when none of the factors of a gene is dominant and the phenotype of a heterozygous dominant individual is a blend of dominant and recessive traits. 
  • It affects the phenotype of $F _1$ individuals, not that of $F _2$. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Multiple choice botany heredity: from parents to offsprings experiments of mendel mendel's law of inheritance works of mendel

Mendel enunciated principles of inheritance

  1. Two

  2. Three

  3. Four

  4. Five
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gregor Johann Mendel, an Austrian Monk, discovered the principles of heredity through the experiments on the pea plant. Mendel conducted hybridization experiments on garden peas for seven years and proposed the laws of inheritance in living organisms. They are the Law of dominance, Law of segregation, Law of Independent assortment.

So, the correct option is ‘Three’.

Multiple choice botany heredity: from parents to offsprings experiments of mendel mendel's law of inheritance works of mendel

Principles or laws of inheritance were enunciated by

  1. Mendel

  2. Morgan

  3. Bateson

  4. Punnet
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gregor Johann Mendel, an Austrian Monk. He discovered the principles of heredity through the experiments on the pea plant. Mendel conducted hybridization experiments on garden peas for seven years and proposed the laws of inheritance in living organisms. They are Law of dominance, Law of segregation, Law of Independent assortment. He is regarded as Father of Genetics.

So, the correct option is ‘Mendel’,

Multiple choice botany heredity: from parents to offsprings experiments of mendel mendel's law of inheritance works of mendel

Mendel was successful In discovering the principles of inheritance as __________________.

  1. He took Pea plants for his experiments

  2. He was a mathematician

  3. He did not encounter linkage

  4. He had an indepth knowledge on hybridisation.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

He chose garden pea that was easy to grow and to hybridise artificailly.

The plant reproduce well and grows to maturity in a single season.

Mendel then chose to follow seven visible features(unit characters), each represented by two contrasting forms or traits.

Mendel was fortunate in choosing a diploid plant because diploid organisms contain only two sets of chromosomes.

A singe alteration in a trait was therefore demonstrated by a visible differences between varieites.

He restricted his examination to one or very few pairs of contrasting traits in each experiment.

He also kept accurate quatitative records, a necessity in genetic experiments.

In his experiments, no appearance of recombinations and linkage.

So, the correct option is ‘He did not encounter the linkage’.

Multiple choice botany heredity: from parents to offsprings experiments of mendel mendel's law of inheritance works of mendel

What is the blending theory of inheritance?

  1. Mendels theory of how the traits of parents are passed to offspring through the gametes

  2. Darwins theory of how traits are passed from all parts of the parents body into the gamete to be transmitted to the offspring

  3. The modern theory of how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring

  4. An old theory that said that offspring show traits intermediate between those of the parents
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The blending theory state that the inheritance of traits from two parents produces offspring with characteristics that are intermediate between those of the parents.

So, the correct option is 'An old theory that said that offspring show traits intermediate between those of the parents'.