Tag: the origin of cells and cell division

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Multiple choice botany division for growth and reproduction difference between meiosis and mitosis meiosis the origin of cells and cell division

Mitosis

  1. Leads to recombinant daughter cells

  2. Is a reduction division

  3. Leads to formation of parental type of daughter cells

  4. Occurs in gametes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • In mitosis, the number of chromosomes in the parent and progeny cells is the same. It is also known as equational division. 
  • There is no crossing over taking place in mitotic cell division which leads to the formation of identical daughter cells.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany division for growth and reproduction difference between meiosis and mitosis meiosis the origin of cells and cell division


DNA duplication occurs in

  1. Mitosis only

  2. Meiosis only

  3. Meiosis I and mitosis

  4. Meiosis II and mitosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • DNA duplication os required so that the genetic material in the cell is doubled and can be equally distributed between the 2 daughter cells. 
  • On mitosis the DNA is duplicated during the S phase of the interphase after which the cell enters the cell division and the genetic material is distributed between the daughter cells equally. 
  • In meiosis the cells undergoes meiosis 1 and meiosis 2 where the genetic material is already duplicated in the S phase of the interphase before entering the  cell division after the first meiosis the genetic material is halved of the mother cell. After this the cell enters the meiosis 2 where the stages are almost as same as the mitosis where the genetic material is distributed between the cells during the anaphase. 
  • Therefore the answer option 'Meiosis I and mitosis' is correct. 
Multiple choice botany division for growth and reproduction difference between meiosis and mitosis meiosis the origin of cells and cell division

If we ignore the effect of crossing over, how many different haploid cells arise by meiosis in a diploid cell having 2n=12?

  1. 8

  2. 16

  3. 32

  4. 64
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In a meiotic cell division, the different types of haploid cells produced will be 2$^n$, where n is the haploid chromosome number. In case, the diploid chromosome number is 12, the haploid chromosome number n will be 6. Thus different types of cells produced will be equal to 2$^6$ or 64 types.

So, the correct answer is '64'

Multiple choice botany division for growth and reproduction difference between meiosis and mitosis meiosis the origin of cells and cell division

Which of the following is unique to mitosis and not a part of meiosis?

  1. Homologous chromosomes behave independently

  2. Chromatids are separated during anaphase II

  3. Homologous chromosomes pair and form bivalents

  4. Homologous chromosomes crossover
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Behaviour of homologous chromosomes is different in meiosis and mitosis. In meiosis the homologous chromosomes pair, exchange segments and then separate from each other. Exchange of segments between homologous chromosomes is called crossing over. In mitosis, homologous chromosomes do not pair and remain independent of each other.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany division for growth and reproduction difference between meiosis and mitosis meiosis the origin of cells and cell division

If the number of bivalent are 8 in metaphase - l, what shall be the number of chromosomes in daughter cells after meiosis - l and meiosis - ll respectively.

  1. 8 and 4

  2. 4 and 4

  3. 8 and 8

  4. 16 and 8
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

if the number of bivalents is 8 in metaphase 1, then the number of chromosomes after meiosis -1 is 8 as the diploid stage of the cell persists.

whereas at the end of meiosis-2, the cell becomes haploid the, so chromosomes will be 4.
So, the correct option is A.

Multiple choice botany division for growth and reproduction difference between meiosis and mitosis meiosis the origin of cells and cell division

Which is unique to meiosis and does not occur in mitosis?

  1. Homologous chromosomes cross over

  2. Homologous chromosomes pair and form bivalents

  3. Homologous chromosomes behave independently

  4. Chromatids are separated during anaphase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In meiosis , synapsis (Pairing of homologous chromosome), Crossing over (exchange of chromosomal segment between nos sister chromatids) occurs which does not occur in mitosis.

Also meiosis is reductional division , the chromosomal number during meiosis is reduced to half while no such reduction in chromosomal number occurs during mitosis.
Hence answer is 'Homologous chromosomes cross over'

Multiple choice botany division for growth and reproduction difference between meiosis and mitosis meiosis the origin of cells and cell division

Which type of cell division occurs in the gonads?

  1. Mitosis only

  2. Meiosis

  3. Both A and B

  4. Amitosis and meiosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The germ cells in gonads multiply by both mitotic and meiotic divisions. The germ cells proliferate mitotically before undergoing reduction division or meiosis. For example, in human males, the spermatogonia present on the inside wall of seminiferous tubules multiply by mitotic division and increase in numbers before undergoing meiosis.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany division for growth and reproduction difference between meiosis and mitosis meiosis the origin of cells and cell division

Mitosis and meiosis take place respectively in

  1. Meristem and gametangia

  2. Gametangia and meristem

  3. Permanent tissues and secretory tissues

  4. Secretory tissues and permanent tissues
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • During mitosis, chromosome number remains the same and cells increase in number. Mitosis is the cell division in meristematic tissue. 
  • Daughter cells produced after meiosis are haploid. Meiosis is the cell division that occurs in gametangia to produce gametes.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany division for growth and reproduction difference between meiosis and mitosis meiosis the origin of cells and cell division

Meiosis and mitosis differ from each other because in meiosis

  1. The four nuclei formed are not similar to parental ones

  2. Homologous chromosomes pair exchange parts

  3. Number of chromosomes gets halved

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Meiosis is the type of cell division in which homologous chromosomes separate after an exchange of fragments. As a result of meiosis, four haploid cells are produced which are all genetically different from each other. 
  • This is due to the process of crossing over or exchange of segments between homologous chromosomes.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany division for growth and reproduction difference between meiosis and mitosis meiosis the origin of cells and cell division

The number of chromatids, in a chromosome at anaphase is

  1. 2 in mitosis and 1 in meiosis

  2. 1 in mitosis and 2 in meiosis

  3. 2 each in mitosis and meiosis

  4. 2 in mitosis and 4 in meiosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Meiosis occurs in two stages meiosis I and meiosis II. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate and the number of chromosomes in daughter cells get reduced to half. This division is known as reductional division. During meiosis II, centromere splits and the chromosome number remains the same in the daughter cells. Hence, meiosis II is known as equational division. Hence, the number of chromatids in a chromosome at anaphase is 1 in mitosis and 2 in meiosis.

So, the correct answer is option B.